Emergent probability fluxes in confined microbial navigation.
Emergent probability fluxes in confined microbial navigation.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2024752118
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发表时间：
2021-09-28
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Mazza MG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cammann J;Schwarzendahl FJ;Ostapenko T;Lavrentovich D;Bäumchen O;Mazza MG
运动微生物通常生活在多孔介质中，该介质包含充满复杂形状界面的微生境。在如此小的尺度上，与这些界面的相互作用，而不是外部梯度，在寻找有利的生活条件时主导了它们的运动。我们通过实验和理论证明，限制界面的几何形状塑造了最可能的平均轨迹的拓扑结构，从而导致概率的定向通量不仅仅局限于近壁区域。利用这一原理，我们可以主动塑造微生物的平均运动方向，这可用于设计微流体环境的拓扑传输机制。当仔细观察运动细胞的运动时，它看起来不稳定，但非平衡力和表面的结合可以在微生物系统中产生惊人的组织例子。虽然我们目前的大部分理解都是基于体系统或理想化几何结构，但复杂几何结构中自组织如何以及以何种长度出现仍然难以捉摸。在这里，通过实验以及分析和数值计算，我们研究了受控微流体条件下运动细胞的运动，并证明概率通量环组织主动运动，即使在探索非平凡几何形状的孤立隔间的单细胞水平上也是如此。通过考虑活动和界面力的相互作用，我们发现边界的曲率决定了运动的非平衡概率通量。我们从理论上预测了通量和全局几何特性之间的普遍关系，并通过实验直接证实。我们的研究结果为破译运动细胞最可能的轨迹提供了可能性，并可能使得指导其时间平均运动的几何形状设计成为可能。
Motile microorganisms commonly live in porous media comprising microhabitats filled with interfaces of complex shape. On such small scales, the interactions with these interfaces, rather than external gradients, dominate their motion in the search for favorable living conditions. We demonstrate with experiments and theory that the geometry of confining interfaces shapes the topology of the most likely, average trajectory, leading to directed fluxes of probability that are not exclusively localized at the near-wall region. Employing this principle allows us to actively shape a microbe’s average direction of movement, which could be of use in the design of topological transport mechanisms for microfluidic environments. When the motion of a motile cell is observed closely, it appears erratic, and yet the combination of nonequilibrium forces and surfaces can produce striking examples of organization in microbial systems. While most of our current understanding is based on bulk systems or idealized geometries, it remains elusive how and at which length scale self-organization emerges in complex geometries. Here, using experiments and analytical and numerical calculations, we study the motion of motile cells under controlled microfluidic conditions and demonstrate that probability flux loops organize active motion, even at the level of a single cell exploring an isolated compartment of nontrivial geometry. By accounting for the interplay of activity and interfacial forces, we find that the boundary’s curvature determines the nonequilibrium probability fluxes of the motion. We theoretically predict a universal relation between fluxes and global geometric properties that is directly confirmed by experiments. Our findings open the possibility to decipher the most probable trajectories of motile cells and may enable the design of geometries guiding their time-averaged motion.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0910426107
发表时间：
2010-05-25
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Di Leonardo, R.;Angelani, L.;Di Fabrizio, E.
通讯作者：
Di Fabrizio, E.
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Frangipane, Giacomo;Vizsnyiczai, Gaszton;Di Leonardo, Roberto
通讯作者：
Di Leonardo, Roberto
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Gadd, Geoffrey Michael
通讯作者：
Gadd, Geoffrey Michael
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Elgeti, Jens;Gompper, Gerhard
通讯作者：
Gompper, Gerhard
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Contino, Matteo;Lushi, Enkeleida;Polin, Marco
通讯作者：
Polin, Marco