The effects of age on category learning and prototype- and exemplar-based generalization.
The effects of age on category learning and prototype- and exemplar-based generalization.
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DOI：
10.1037/pag0000714
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发表时间：
2022-11
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zeithamova D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowman CR;Iwashita T;Zeithamova D
学习新概念和类别的需求贯穿整个生命周期，但人们对衰老如何影响概念学习和泛化知之甚少。在这里，我们训练年轻人和老年人对典型和边界类别成员进行分类，然后测试对新刺激的类别泛化。在训练过程中，老年人增加了难度相比，年轻人学习类别标签的边界项目，但不是典型项目。在测试中，分类性能，包括新的项目在所有级别的典型性是跨年龄组的可比性，但正式的分类模型表明，老年人依赖于更大程度上的广义（原型）的类别表示比年轻人。这些研究结果与老年人能够形成基于集中趋势的类别表征的提议一致，即使他们在学习和记忆单个类别成员时有困难。更广泛地说，这些结果有助于我们理解老年人的多种分类策略和有限的策略灵活性。他们还强调了对保留的认知功能的依赖有时可能有助于老年人保持表现。关键词：分类、概括、认知建模、原型、记忆
The need to learn new concepts and categories persists through the lifespan, yet little is known about how aging affects concept learning and generalization. Here, we trained young and older adults to classify typical and boundary category members and then tested category generalization to new stimuli. During training, older adults had increased difficulty compared to young adults learning category labels for boundary items, but not typical items. At test, categorization performance that included new items at all levels of typicality was comparable across age groups, but formal categorization models indicated that older adults relied to a greater degree on generalized (prototype) category representations than young adults. These findings align with the proposal that older adults are able to form category representations based on central tendency even when they have difficulty learning and remembering individual category members. More broadly, the results contribute to our understanding of multiple categorization strategies and the limited strategy flexibility in older adults. They also highlight how reliance on preserved cognitive functions may sometimes help older adults maintain performance. Keywords: categorization, generalization, cognitive modeling, prototypes, memory
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Bowman, Caitlin R.;Ashby, Stefania R.;Zeithamova, Dagmar
通讯作者：
Zeithamova, Dagmar