Age effects on category learning, categorical perception, and generalization.
Age effects on category learning, categorical perception, and generalization.
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DOI：
10.1080/09658211.2021.2003818
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发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Zeithamova, Dagmar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowman, Caitlin R.;Ashby, Stefania R.;Zeithamova, Dagmar
个体事件的记忆年龄缺陷已得到充分证实。至于年龄如何影响另一个关键的记忆功能，即形成新概念知识的能力，我们知之甚少。在此，我们研究了人脸混合刺激下类别学习范式中概念形成的年龄差异，使用了几个指标：在训练过程中出现的类别成员的直接学习，类别标签对新示例的概化，以及类别成员之间感知相似性的变化。我们发现老年人在训练样本的直接学习方面受到损害，但一旦我们考虑到直接学习方面的缺陷，就没有明显的泛化年龄缺陷。我们还发现，类别学习影响相同类别和对立类别成员之间的感知相似性，而年龄没有显著调节这种影响。最后，我们比较了传统的类别学习和分类后的学习任务，其中一个类别标签（共享的姓氏）与刺激特定的信息（唯一的名字，个性化类别成员）一起呈现。我们发现，同时学习特定刺激信息和类别信息会导致类别学习下降，并且这种下降在两个年龄组中都很明显。
Age deficits in memory for individual episodes are well established. Less is known about how age affects another key memory function: the ability to form new conceptual knowledge. Here we studied age differences in concept formation in a category-learning paradigm with face-blend stimuli, using several metrics: direct learning of category members presented during training, generalization of category labels to new examples, and shifts in perceived similarity between category members that often follow category learning. We found that older adults were impaired in direct learning of training examples, but that there was no significant age deficit in generalization once we accounted for the deficit in direct learning. We also found that category learning affected the perceived similarity between members of the same versus opposing categories, and age did not significantly moderate this effect. Lastly, we compared traditional category learning to categorization after a learning task in which a category label (shared last name) was presented alongside stimulus-specific information (unique first names that individuated category members). We found that simultaneously learning stimulus-specific and category information resulted in decreased category learning, and that this decrement was apparent in both age groups.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Basak, Chandramallika;Boot, Walter R.;Voss, Michelle W.;Kramer, Arthur F.
通讯作者：
Kramer, Arthur F.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Anastasi, JS;Rhodes, MG
通讯作者：
Rhodes, MG
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Filoteo, JV;Maddox, WT
通讯作者：
Maddox, WT
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
HASHTROUDI, S;JOHNSON, MK;CHROSNIAK, LD
通讯作者：
CHROSNIAK, LD
模糊跟踪理论和寿命认知发展。
DOI：
10.1016/j.dr.2015.07.006
发表时间：
2015-12-01
期刊：
Developmental review : DR
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brainerd CJ;Reyna VF
通讯作者：
Reyna VF