A one-dimensional model of PCP signaling: polarized cell behavior in the notochord of the ascidian Ciona.
A one-dimensional model of PCP signaling: polarized cell behavior in the notochord of the ascidian Ciona.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.08.023
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Smith, William C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kourakis, Matthew J.;Reeves, Wendy;Newman-Smith, Erin;Maury, Benoit;Abdul-Wajid, Sarah;Smith, William C.
尽管平面细胞极性（PCP）途径在发育和生理学中很重要，但它仍然是最神秘的信号机制之一。海鞘的脊索为研究 PCP 途径提供了一个独特的模型。有趣的是，脊索似乎是海藻中唯一激活 PCP 途径的胚胎结构。此外，海鞘脊索作为由 40 个极化细胞组成的单列阵列，是研究极化动力学和 PCP 途径传输的独特易处理系统。在这里，我们测试偏振信号传播模型，询问时间、空间和信号要求。不支持通过脊索整个长度级联的简单单元到单元中继；相反，揭示了一种更复杂的机制，相互作用影响相邻细胞之间的极性，但不影响远处细胞的极性。协调整个脊索极性的机制仍然难以捉摸，但即使局部相互作用仍然很重要，但似乎也夹带了一般（即全局）极性。然而，这种全局偏振器似乎并不充当局部的、空间限制的决定因素。沿脊索长轴的极性协调需要 PCP 通路，我们证明的这一作用在时间上与该通路在会聚延伸和嵌入中的早期作用不同。我们还揭示了脊索的极性是动态的：细胞的极性状态可以改变然后恢复，强调了玻璃海鞘脊索对 PCP 体内研究的适应性。
Despite its importance in development and physiology the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway remains one of the most enigmatic signaling mechanisms. The notochord of the ascidian Ciona provides a unique model for investigating the PCP pathway. Interestingly, the notochord appears to be the only embryonic structure in Ciona activating the PCP pathway. Moreover, the Ciona notochord as a single-file array of forty polarized cells is a uniquely tractable system for the study of polarization dynamics and the transmission of the PCP pathway. Here, we test models for propagation of a polarizing signal, interrogating temporal, spatial and signaling requirements. A simple cell-cell relay cascading through the entire length of the notochord is not supported; instead a more complex mechanism is revealed, with interactions influencing polarity between neighboring cells, but not distant ones. Mechanisms coordinating notochord-wide polarity remain elusive, but appear to entrain general (i.e., global) polarity even while local interactions remain important. However, this global polarizer does not appear to act as a localized, spatially-restricted determinant. Coordination of polarity along the long axis of the notochord requires the PCP pathway, a role we demonstrate is temporally distinct from this pathway’s earlier role in convergent extension and intercalation. We also reveal polarity in the notochord to be dynamic: a cell’s polarity state can be changed and then restored, underscoring the Ciona notochord’s amenability for in vivo studies of PCP.
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