Selective Halogenation of Pyridines Using Designed Phosphine Reagents.

Selective Halogenation of Pyridines Using Designed Phosphine Reagents.
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DOI:
10.1021/jacs.0c04674
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发表时间:
2020-06-24
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
McNally A
McNally A
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Levy JN;Alegre-Requena JV;Liu R;Paton RS;McNally A

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卤代吡啶是合成药物、农用化学品和金属络合物配体的关键构件,但缺乏选择性卤化吡啶C-H前体的策略。我们设计了一组杂环膦,它们以鏻盐的形式安装在吡啶的4-位上,然后用卤化物亲核试剂取代。广泛的未活化的吡啶可以被卤化,并且该方法对于复杂药物的后期卤化是可行的。计算研究表明,C-卤素键的形成发生通过SNAr途径,和膦消除是速率决定步骤。C-P键断裂过程中的空间相互作用解释了2-和3-取代吡啶之间反应性的差异。
Halopyridines are key building blocks for synthesizing pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and ligands for metal complexes, but strategies to selectively halogenate pyridine C–H precursors are lacking. We designed a set of heterocyclic phosphines that are installed at the 4-position of pyridines as phosphonium salts and then displaced with halide nucleophiles. A broad range of unactivated pyridines can be halogenated, and the method is viable for late-stage halogenation of complex pharmaceuticals. Computational studies indicate that C–halogen bond formation occurs via an SNAr pathway, and phosphine elimination is the rate-determining step. Steric interactions during C–P bond cleavage account for differences in reactivity between 2- and 3-substituted pyridines.
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