GARS axonopathy: not every neuron's cup of tRNA.

GARS axonopathy: not every neuron's cup of tRNA.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tins.2009.11.001
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发表时间:
2010-02
影响因子:
15.9
通讯作者:
Fischbeck, Kenneth H.
Fischbeck, Kenneth H.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Motley, William W.;Talbot, Kevin;Fischbeck, Kenneth H.

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth病2D型是由甘氨酰-tRNA合成酶(加尔斯)突变引起的遗传性轴突神经病。突变分布在整个蛋白质的多个功能结构域中。在生物化学和细胞培养实验中,加尔斯的一些突变形式与野生型蛋白质无法区分,这表明这些体外试验可能无法充分评估导致轴突变性的异常活性。最近,小鼠和苍蝇模型为疾病机制提供了新的见解。我们对翻译机制中普遍表达的成分的突变如何导致轴突神经病变的理解仍然存在差距。在这里,我们回顾最近的报告,权衡证据和反对可能的机制,并建议未来工作的重点领域。
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D, a hereditary axonal neuropathy, is caused by mutations in glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS). The mutations are distributed throughout the protein in multiple functional domains. In biochemical and cell culture experiments, some mutant forms of GARS have been indistinguishable from wild-type protein, suggesting that these in vitro tests may not adequately assess the aberrant activity responsible for axonal degeneration. Recently, mouse and fly models have offered new insight into the disease mechanism. There are still gaps in our understanding of how mutations in a ubiquitously expressed component of the translation machinery result in axonal neuropathy. Here we review recent reports, weigh the evidence for and against possible mechanisms, and suggest areas of focus for future work.
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