Nucleus accumbens invulnerability to methamphetamine neurotoxicity.

Nucleus accumbens invulnerability to methamphetamine neurotoxicity.
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伏核不受甲基苯丙胺神经毒性的影响。

DOI:
10.1093/ilar.52.3.352
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Thomas,DavidM
Thomas,DavidM
中科院分区:
农林科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kuhn,DonaldM;Angoa-Pérez,Mariana;Thomas,DavidM

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甲基苯丙胺(Meth)是一种滥用的神经毒性药物,会损害整个中枢神经系统的神经元和神经末梢。对人类冰毒成瘾者的最新研究使用脑组织死后分析和完整大脑的无创成像研究证实冰毒会导致持续的结构异常。动物和人类研究还确定了与长期滥用冰毒相关的许多重大功能问题和共病精神疾病。本综述总结了冰毒引起的神经毒性的显着特征,重点关注多巴胺 (DA) 神经元系统。尾壳核 (CPu) 中的 DA 神经末梢会受到甲基苯丙胺的高度限制性损伤。即使在 CPu 内,损伤也具有显着的异质性,腹侧和侧面显示出最大的缺陷。伏隔核 (NAc) 基本上不会受到冰毒中毒所致的损伤,但其神经末梢中 DA 分布的相对细微变化可能会导致 CPu 中冰毒诱导的毒性急剧增加,并克服 NAc 对损伤的正常抵抗力。与 CPu 相比,DA 神经元缺陷持续存在,NAc 的改变显示出部分恢复。动物模型对于研究冰毒神经毒性的原因和后果以及开发新疗法是不可或缺的。这项研究表明,细胞质 DA 的增加极大地扩大了冰毒的神经毒性范围,包括通常不会受到损害的大脑结构。与 CPU 相比,NAc 对冰毒引起的神经毒性的抵抗力及其恢复能力揭示了根本不同的神经可塑性。鉴于这种大脑结构发挥着众多重要作用,通过改变 DA 稳态来招募 NAc 作为冰毒神经毒性的靶标具有重要意义。
Methamphetamine (Meth) is a neurotoxic drug of abuse that damages neurons and nerve endings throughout the central nervous system. Emerging studies of human Meth addicts using both postmortem analyses of brain tissue and noninvasive imaging studies of intact brains have confirmed that Meth causes persistent structural abnormalities. Animal and human studies have also defined a number of significant functional problems and comorbid psychiatric disorders associated with long-term Meth abuse. This review summarizes the salient features of Meth-induced neurotoxicity with a focus on the dopamine (DA) neuronal system. DA nerve endings in the caudate-putamen (CPu) are damaged by Meth in a highly delimited manner. Even within the CPu, damage is remarkably heterogeneous, with ventral and lateral aspects showing the greatest deficits. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is largely spared the damage that accompanies binge Meth intoxication, but relatively subtle changes in the disposition of DA in its nerve endings can lead to dramatic increases in Meth-induced toxicity in the CPu and overcome the normal resistance of the NAc to damage. In contrast to the CPu, where DA neuronal deficiencies are persistent, alterations in the NAc show a partial recovery. Animal models have been indispensable in studies of the causes and consequences of Meth neurotoxicity and in the development of new therapies. This research has shown that increases in cytoplasmic DA dramatically broaden the neurotoxic profile of Meth to include brain structures not normally targeted for damage. The resistance of the NAc to Meth-induced neurotoxicity and its ability to recover reveal a fundamentally different neuroplasticity by comparison to the CPu. Recruitment of the NAc as a target of Meth neurotoxicity by alterations in DA homeostasis is significant in light of the numerous important roles played by this brain structure.
动物认知:哈利·弗兰克·古根海姆会议记录,1982 年 6 月 2-4 日
DOI: --
发表时间: 1984
期刊:
影响因子: --
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影响因子: --
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鸽子连续学习过程中的分块:I. 基本证据。
DOI: 10.1037//0097-7403.17.1.81
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