The choroid as a sclera growth regulator.
The choroid as a sclera growth regulator.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exer.2013.03.008
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发表时间：
2013-09
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Summers JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Summers JA
正视化是一种视力依赖机制，试图通过角膜、晶状体和巩膜的协调生长来最小化屈光不正，以使眼轴长度与眼睛的焦距相匹配。人们普遍认为，这种视觉引导的眼睛生长是通过一系列局部产生的化学事件来控制的，这些化学事件在视网膜中启动，最终引起巩膜细胞外基质（ECM）重塑的变化，从而导致眼睛大小和屈光的变化。因此，人们非常感兴趣的是支持正视化和视觉引导眼睛生长的分子机制。脉络膜是位于视网膜和巩膜之间的高度血管化的层，其独特的位置将视网膜衍生的信号传递到巩膜，以影响 ECM 合成和眼睛尺寸的变化。 Josh Wallman 博士发起的研究清楚地表明，脉络膜在正视化中发挥着积极作用，既通过调节其厚度将视网膜调整到眼睛的焦平面（脉络膜调节），又通过释放具有调节巩膜细胞外基质重塑潜力的生长因子。他的发现引发了对脉络膜分子组成以及与视觉引导眼睛生长相关的基因表达变化的大量研究。本文将回顾脉络膜的分子和功能研究，为脉络膜是巩膜生长调节剂的来源这一假设提供支持，巩膜生长调节剂会影响眼睛生长对视觉刺激的反应变化。
Emmetropization is a vision dependent mechanism that attempts to minimize refractive error through coordinated growth of the cornea, lens and sclera such that the axial length matches the focal length of the eye. It is generally accepted that this visually guided eye growth is controlled via a cascade of locally generated chemical events that are initiated in the retina and ultimately cause changes in scleral extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling which lead to changes in eye size and refraction. Of much interest, therefore, are the molecular mechanisms that underpin emmetropization and visually guided ocular growth. The choroid, a highly vascularized layer located between the retina and the sclera is uniquely situated to relay retina-derived signals to the sclera to effect changes in ECM synthesis and ocular size. Studies initiated by Josh Wallman, Ph.D., clearly demonstrate that the choroid plays an active role in emmetropization, both by modulation of its thickness to adjust the retina to the focal plane of the eye (choroidal accommodation), and well as through the release of growth factors that have the potential to regulate scleral extracellular matrix remodeling. His discoveries prompted numerous investigations on the molecular composition of the choroid and changes in gene expression associated with visually guided ocular growth. This article will review molecular and functional studies of the choroid to provide support for the hypothesis that the choroid is a source of sclera growth regulators that effect changes in ocular growth in response to visual stimuli.
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Howlett, Marcus H. C.;McFadden, Sally A.
通讯作者：
McFadden, Sally A.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Mertz, JR;Wallman, J
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Wallman, J
影响因子：
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作者：
Hochgreb, T;Linhares, VL;Xavier-Neto, J
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
McFadden, Sally A.;Howlett, Marc H. C.;Wallman, Josh
通讯作者：
Wallman, Josh
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
ALM, A;BILL, A
通讯作者：
BILL, A