Aid donors, democracy and the developmental state in Ethiopia

Aid donors, democracy and the developmental state in Ethiopia
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埃塞俄比亚的援助捐助者、民主和发展国家

DOI:
10.1080/13510347.2019.1670642
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Brown S
Brown S
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brown S

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“发展型国家”已成为当代西方援助国(尤其是在非洲)捍卫的一种突出的替代发展模式。所谓的“发展中国家”,如埃塞俄比亚和卢旺达,被认为拥有意志坚强、有远见的领导人,他们致力于实现雄心勃勃的发展计划,使他们成为有吸引力的捐赠伙伴。然而,当被批评民主倒退或侵犯人权时,这些领导人往往是专制的,而且毫无歉意。对于许多西方捐助者来说,这是一种可以容忍的交换。本文的目的是质疑、批判和解释这种权衡背后的假设和想法。通过对埃塞俄比亚的案例研究,我们认为捐助国官员对“发展型国家”的理解是多种多样的、模糊的和肤浅的,主要的共同点是一个具有“政治意愿”的“强大”政权和一种不可谈判的国内治理方法。我们认为,捐助者太容易和不加批判地接受、内化和部署了这些概念,用“发展中国家”的概念来为他们退出认真参与民主改革辩护。这源于捐助者对非政治化发展模式的系统性偏好,以及埃塞俄比亚官员自己精明的政治手腕。然而,在埃塞俄比亚政权正在讨论重大政治改革之际,它也削弱了捐助者的影响力。
The “developmental state” has become a prominent alternative development model defended by contemporary Western aid donors, particularly in Africa. Purported “developmental states,” such as Ethiopia and Rwanda, are argued to possess strong-willed, visionary leaderships whose commitment to delivering on ambitious development plans renders them attractive donor partners. These leaderships are also, however, often authoritarian and unapologetic when criticized for democratic backsliding or human rights abuses. For many Western donors this represents a tolerable trade-off. The purpose of this article is to interrogate, critique and explain the assumptions and ideas underlying this trade-off. Using the case study of Ethiopia, we argue that donor officials’ understandings of “developmental state” are varied, vague and superficial, the main commonality being a “strong” regime with “political will” and a non-negotiable approach to domestic governance. We suggest that donors have too readily and uncritically accepted, internalized and deployed these notions, using the “developmental state” concept to justify their withdrawal from serious engagement on democratic reform. This derives from a systemic donor preference for depoliticized development models, as well as from Ethiopian officials’ own savvy political manoeuvrings. It has also, however, weakened donors’ position of influence at a time when the Ethiopian regime is debating major political reform.
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