Masking, crowding, and grouping: Connecting low and mid-level vision.
Masking, crowding, and grouping: Connecting low and mid-level vision.
复制标题
掩蔽、拥挤和分组：连接低层和中层视觉。
DOI：
10.1167/jov.22.2.7
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发表时间：
2022-02-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Martinovic J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reuther J;Chakravarthi R;Martinovic J
视觉科学的一项重要任务是构建一个统一的中低层次视觉框架。作为这种方式的一步，我们的研究考察了掩蔽、拥挤和分组之间的差异和共同点--这三个过程是通过相邻元素之间的空间相互作用发生的。我们使用由9个Gabor元素组成的公共刺激网格，测量了对比度阈值作为元素间间距和偏心率的函数，用于Gabor检测、识别和轮廓积分。根据这些阈值，我们得出了a)执行每项任务所需的基线对比度和b)任务绩效稳定的空间范围。这个空间窗口可以作为场大小的指示器，其中落入推定场的元素很容易被组合。我们发现对比度阈值普遍受到元素间距离的调制，与掩蔽和拥挤相比，分组的效果较浅和反转。检测刺激和辨别其性质的基线对比在所测试的视网膜位置(视网膜旁和周边)呈正相关，而用于整合元素和辨别其性质的基线对比呈负相关。与此同时，掩蔽和拥挤的空间窗口在偏心率中仍然不相关，尽管它们在参与者中是相关的。这表明，每种类型的视野进行的计算都是在不同的距离上进行的，这些距离在不同的观察者之间是不同的，但不会在视网膜位置上发生变化。因此，对比度处理单元可能是许多先前研究中所报道的不同任务的共同特质的核心，尽管它们的空间窗口范围存在根本差异。
An important task for vision science is to build a unitary framework of low- and mid-level vision. As a step on this way, our study examined differences and commonalities between masking, crowding and grouping—three processes that occur through spatial interactions between neighbouring elements. We measured contrast thresholds as functions of inter-element spacing and eccentricity for Gabor detection, discrimination and contour integration, using a common stimulus grid consisting of nine Gabor elements. From these thresholds, we derived a) the baseline contrast necessary to perform each task and b) the spatial extent over which task performance was stable. This spatial window can be taken as an indicator of field size, where elements that fall within a putative field are readily combined. We found that contrast thresholds were universally modulated by inter-element distance, with a shallower and inverted effect for grouping compared with masking and crowding. Baseline contrasts for detecting stimuli and discriminating their properties were positively linked across the tested retinal locations (parafovea and near periphery), whereas those for integrating elements and discriminating their properties were negatively linked. Meanwhile, masking and crowding spatial windows remained uncorrelated across eccentricity, although they were correlated across participants. This suggests that the computation performed by each type of visual field operates over different distances that co-varies across observers, but not across retinal locations. Contrast-processing units may thus lie at the core of the shared idiosyncrasies across tasks reported in many previous studies, despite the fundamental differences in the extent of their spatial windows.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Cavanaugh, JR;Bair, W;Movshon, JA
通讯作者：
Movshon, JA
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
CAMPBELL, FW;KULIKOWSKI, JJ
通讯作者：
KULIKOWSKI, JJ
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1615504114
发表时间：
2017-04-25
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Greenwood, John A.;Szinte, Martin;Cavanagh, Patrick
通讯作者：
Cavanagh, Patrick
DOI：
10.1364/josaa.15.001486
发表时间：
1998-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Dakin, SC;Hess, RF
通讯作者：
Hess, RF
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Harvey, Ben M.;Dumoulin, Serge O.
通讯作者：
Dumoulin, Serge O.