Disturbance and valley confinement: Controls on floodplain large wood and organic matter jam deposition in the Colorado Front Range, USA
Disturbance and valley confinement: Controls on floodplain large wood and organic matter jam deposition in the Colorado Front Range, USA
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干扰和山谷限制：美国科罗拉多州前沿山脉洪泛区大型木材和有机物堵塞沉积的控制
DOI：
10.1002/esp.5321
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lininger, Katherine B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guiney, Molly R.;Lininger, Katherine B.
有机物动力学（夹带，运输，沉积）可以影响河流生态地貌的复杂性。然而，沉积控制的落大木材（LW）和粗颗粒有机物（CPOM）的洪泛区很少被评估。我们调查的影响，不同的干扰历史，以及地貌和林分密度，沉积LW和CPOM积累，或堵塞，两个相邻的排水沟（西溪，北福克大汤普森）之间的半干旱科罗拉多前线范围，美国。这两个流域最近都经历了一次极端的洪水，但西溪经历了一次更大的洪峰和最近的上游火灾。我们还分析了河漫滩和河道内堵塞类型之间的堵塞结构（LW片方向）。我们测量了North Fork的LW和CPOM堵塞，以计算堵塞频率（堵塞ha−1）和负荷（单位面积体积; m3 ha −1），并将这些数据与之前发表的West Creek数据集进行比较。西溪的平均漫滩LW堵塞频率（70.4堵塞ha−1）和负荷（678.6 m3 ha −1）明显高于北叉（频率：14.8堵塞ha−1;负荷：94.3 m3 ha −1）。平均洪泛区CPOM堵塞频率（西溪：19.0堵塞ha−1;北叉：15.1堵塞ha−1）和负荷（西溪：10.70 m3 ha −1;北叉：9.98 m3 ha −1）在流域之间没有显著差异。一个更大的洪峰，可能是由最近的上游火灾和一个更有限的谷底增强，导致更大的沉积LW堵塞西溪相比，北叉。地貌特征，如山谷限制和坡度，也影响堵塞频率和负载。河漫滩堵塞类型定向平行的流显着不同于其他堵塞类型。这项工作将通知河流恢复工作使用木材和有机物，并提供运输和沉积过程的影响洪泛区LW堵塞形成的见解。
Organic matter dynamics (entrainment, transport, deposition) can influence ecogeomorphic complexity in rivers. However, the depositional controls on downed large wood (LW) and coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) on floodplains have rarely been assessed. We investigate the influence of different disturbance histories, as well as geomorphology and forest stand density, on the deposition of LW and CPOM accumulations, or jams, between two adjacent drainages (West Creek, North Fork Big Thompson) in the semi‐arid Colorado Front Range, USA. Both basins recently experienced an extreme flood, but West Creek experienced a larger flood peak as well as a recent upstream fire. We also analyse jam fabric (LW piece orientation) between floodplain and in‐channel jam types. We measured LW and CPOM jams on the North Fork to compute jam frequencies (jams ha−1) and loads (volume per area; m3ha−1), and we compare these data to a previously published dataset from West Creek. Average floodplain LW jam frequencies (70.4 jams ha−1) and loads (678.6 m3ha−1) on West Creek were significantly higher than on the North Fork (frequency: 14.8 jams ha−1; load: 94.3 m3ha−1). Average floodplain CPOM jam frequencies (West Creek: 19.0 jams ha−1; North Fork: 15.1 jams ha−1) and loads (West Creek: 10.70 m3ha−1; North Fork: 9.98 m3ha−1) were not significantly different between basins. A larger flood peak, likely enhanced by a recent upstream fire and a more confined valley bottom, resulted in greater deposition of LW jams on West Creek compared to the North Fork. Geomorphic characteristics, such as valley confinement and slope, also influence jam frequencies and loads. Floodplain jam types oriented parallel to the stream were significantly different than other jam types. This work will inform river restoration efforts using wood and organic matter and provide insight on the transport and depositional processes influencing floodplain LW jam formation.
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