Linking Process and Outcome in the Study of Emotion and Aging.
Linking Process and Outcome in the Study of Emotion and Aging.
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DOI：
10.1177/1745691611424750
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发表时间：
2012-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Blanchard-Fields F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isaacowitz DM;Blanchard-Fields F
当前关于情绪与衰老的理论和研究表明：（1）老年人比年轻人报告出更多积极的情感体验（更多的幸福感）；（2）老年人对带有情感色彩的刺激的关注和记忆方式与年轻人不同（即他们在注意力和记忆方面表现出与年龄相关的积极效应）；（3）老年人有更多积极情感体验的原因是他们所表现出的积极效应起到了情绪调节策略的作用。有人认为，认知过程中的年龄差异因此导致了积极情感体验这一结果。在本文中，我们批判性地回顾了关于积极情感体验中的年龄差异以及注意力和记忆方面与年龄相关的积极效应的文献。此外，我们对现有证据在多大程度上支持与年龄相关的积极效应和积极情感结果之间的联系提出了质疑。然后，我们提供了一个框架，用于正式测试可能解释成年期情感结果的过程 - 结果联系。可能老年人（以及其他人）有时确实会将他们的认知用作一种调节工具来帮助自己感觉良好，但这只有通过将认知过程（例如与年龄相关的积极效应）与情感结果明确联系起来才能得到证明。这些概念对任何年龄的认知 - 情绪联系都有影响。
Current theory and research on emotion and aging suggests that (1) older adults report more positive affective experience (more happiness) than younger adults; (2) older adults attend to and remember emotionally-valenced stimuli differently than younger adults (i.e., they show age-related positivity effects in attention and memory); and (3) the reason that older adults have more positive affective experience is because the positivity effects they display serve as emotion regulatory strategies. It is suggested that age differences in cognitive processes therefore lead to the outcome of positive affective experience. In this paper, we critically review the literature on age differences in positive affective experience and on age-related positivity effects in attention and memory. Furthermore, we question the extent to which existing evidence supports a link between age-related positivity effects and positive affective outcomes. We then provide a framework for formally testing process-outcome links that might explain affective outcomes across adulthood. It may be that older adults (and others) do sometimes use their cognition as a regulatory tool to help them feel good, but that can only be demonstrated by specifically linking cognitive processes, such as age-related positivity effects, with affective outcomes. These concepts have implications for cognition-emotion links at any age.
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DOI：
10.1080/13825580903265681
发表时间：
2010-05
期刊：
Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition
影响因子：
--
作者：
Allard ES;Wadlinger HA;Isaacowitz DM
通讯作者：
Isaacowitz DM
DOI：
10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00202.x
发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Charles, Susan Turk;Piazza, Jennifer R.
通讯作者：
Piazza, Jennifer R.
影响因子：
4
作者：
BALTES, PB
通讯作者：
BALTES, PB
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
CARSTENSEN, LL
通讯作者：
CARSTENSEN, LL
DOI：
10.1177/016502549301600212
发表时间：
1993-06-01
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
BRANDTSTADTER, J;WENTURA, D;GREVE, W
通讯作者：
GREVE, W