Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Among Females After Vaccine Introduction-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2003-2014.

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Among Females After Vaccine Introduction-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2003-2014.
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DOI:
10.1093/infdis/jix244
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发表时间:
2017-09-01
期刊:
The Journal of infectious diseases
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Markowitz LE
Markowitz LE
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Oliver SE;Unger ER;Lewis R;McDaniel D;Gargano JW;Steinau M;Markowitz LE

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人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗于2006年被推荐用于11-12岁美国女性的常规疫苗接种。2014年使用的大多数疫苗是四价疫苗(4vHPV),可预防HPV-6,-11,-16和-18感染。为了评估疫苗的影响,我们在国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES)中测量了HPV的患病率。我们分析了14-34岁女性自我收集的宫颈阴道标本中检测到的HPV DNA类型以及人口统计学、性行为和自我报告的疫苗接种数据。我们估计了疫苗接种前(2003-2006年)和疫苗时代(2007-2010年和2011-2014年)的HPV流行率。在14- 19岁人群中,4vHPV型患病率从2003-2006年的11.5%(95%置信区间[CI],9.1%-14.4%)降至2011-2014年的3.3%(95% CI,1.9%-5.8%),其中≥1剂疫苗覆盖率为55%。在20- 24岁人群中,患病率从2003-2006年的18.5%(95%CI,14.9%-22.8%)降至2011-2014年的7.2%(95%CI,4.7%-11.1%),其中≥1剂疫苗覆盖率为43%。与2003-2006年相比,2011-2014年性活跃的14至24岁人群中4vHPV的患病率在接种疫苗的人群中下降了89%,在未接种疫苗的人群中下降了34%。疫苗有效率为83%。在引入疫苗的8年内,14至19岁的4vHPV型患病率下降了71%,20至24岁的患病率下降了61%。估计疫苗的有效性很高。未接种疫苗的女性中4vHPV型患病率的下降表明了群体保护。
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was recommended in 2006 for routine vaccination of US females aged 11–12 years. Most vaccine used through 2014 was quadrivalent vaccine (4vHPV), which prevents HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18 infection. To evaluate vaccine impact, we measured HPV prevalence in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We analyzed HPV DNA types detected in self-collected cervicovaginal specimens and demographic, sexual behavior, and self-reported vaccination data from females 14–34 years old. We estimated HPV prevalence in the prevaccine (2003–2006) and vaccine eras (2007–2010 and 2011–2014). Among 14- to 19-year-olds, 4vHPV-type prevalence decreased from 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.1%–14.4%) in 2003–2006 to 3.3% (95% CI, 1.9%–5.8%) in 2011–2014, when ≥1-dose coverage was 55%. Among 20- to 24-year-olds, prevalence decreased from 18.5% (95% CI, 14.9%–22.8%) in 2003–2006 to 7.2% (95% CI, 4.7%–11.1%) in 2011–2014, when ≥1-dose coverage was 43%. Compared to 2003–2006, 4vHPV prevalence in sexually active 14- to 24-year-olds in 2011–2014 decreased 89% among those vaccinated and 34% among those unvaccinated. Vaccine effectiveness was 83%. Within 8 years of vaccine introduction, 4vHPV-type prevalence decreased 71% among 14- to 19-year-olds and 61% among 20- to 24-year-olds. Estimated vaccine effectiveness was high. The decrease in 4vHPV-type prevalence among unvaccinated females suggests herd protection.
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