Effects of essential amino acid deficiency: down-regulation of KCC2 and the GABAA receptor; disinhibition in the anterior piriform cortex.

Effects of essential amino acid deficiency: down-regulation of KCC2 and the GABAA receptor; disinhibition in the anterior piriform cortex.
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DOI:
10.1111/jnc.12403
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发表时间:
2013-11
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
Gietzen DW
Gietzen DW
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sharp JW;Ross-Inta CM;Baccelli I;Payne JA;Rudell JB;Gietzen DW

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前梨状皮质(APC)被激活,并且是对必需氨基酸(IAA)缺乏最敏感的大脑区域。APC是必需的快速(20分钟)的行为拒绝IAA缺乏的饮食和增加觅食,这两个重要的适应性功能支持IAA在杂食动物的体内平衡。APC中IAA缺乏的生化机制通过不带电荷的tRNA和一般氨基酸控制激酶GCN 2阻断蛋白质合成中的翻译起始。然而,蛋白质合成的抑制如何激活APC尚不清楚。神经元K+Cl−协同转运蛋白、KCC2和GABAA受体是APC中的重要抑制元件,具有短的质膜半衰期,维持对这种高度兴奋性回路的控制。后一个单一的IAA缺乏餐蛋白质减少(与基础饮食控制)APC(但不是新皮质或小脑)的Western印迹和APC的免疫组织化学。此外,电生理学分析支持在该模型中诸如GABAA受体的抑制元件的丢失。由于GABAA受体的关键抑制功能依赖于KCC2及其建立的Cl−跨膜梯度,这些结果表明,这些抑制元件的丢失有助于IAA缺乏时APC的去抑制。
The anterior piriform cortex (APC) is activated by, and is the brain area most sensitive to, essential (indispensable) amino acid (IAA) deficiency. The APC is required for the rapid (20 min) behavioral rejection of IAA deficient diets and increased foraging, both crucial adaptive functions supporting IAA homeostasis in omnivores. The biochemical mechanisms signalling IAA deficiency in the APC block initiation of translation in protein synthesis via uncharged tRNA and the general amino acid control kinase, GCN2. Yet, how inhibition of protein synthesis activates the APC is unknown. The neuronal K+Cl− cotransporter, KCC2, and GABAA receptors are essential inhibitory elements in the APC with short plasmalemmal half-lives that maintain control in this highly excitable circuitry. After a single IAA deficient meal both proteins were reduced (vs basal diet controls) in Western blots of APC (but not neocortex or cerebellum) and in immunohistochemistry of APC. Further, electrophysiological analyses support loss ofinhibitory elements such as the GABAA receptor in this model. As the crucial inhibitory function of the GABAA receptor depends on KCC2 and the Cl− transmembrane gradient it establishes, these results suggest that loss of such inhibitory elements contributes to disinhibition of the APC in IAA deficiency.
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