Adaptation Without Boundaries: Population Genomics in Marine Systems

Adaptation Without Boundaries: Population Genomics in Marine Systems
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无国界适应:海洋系统中的群体基因组学

DOI:
10.1007/13836_2018_32
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Population Genomics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Oleksiak, M. F.
Oleksiak, M. F.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Oleksiak, M. F.

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从表面上看,世界海洋似乎辽阔无边。洋流可以将海洋生物运送数千公里,再加上在远洋地带度过部分或全部生命的物种,突显了混合良好的泛海洋种群的潜力。然而,这些海洋栖息地确实有边界。在这个基本上是三维的海洋环境中,梯度形成了边界。这些梯度包括温度、盐度和氧气梯度。洋流也会在邻近的水团之间形成边界,即使它们可以通过将生物体运送到很远的距离来突破障碍。随着新一代测序方法的出现,使我们能够轻松地产生大量基因组标记,我们处于前所未有的地位,可以研究这些潜在海洋边界的影响,并可以询问当地适应的海洋种群进化的频率和时间。这些知识将使我们了解海洋生物如何应对气候变化,并影响我们保护海洋多样性的方式。在本章中,我首先讨论海洋环境中存在的主要边界及其对海洋生物的影响。接下来,我讨论基因组方法如何影响我们对遗传连通性、海洋渔业和局部适应的理解,包括表观遗传适应的可能性。最后,我对海洋养护和管理以及未来前景进行了考虑。
From the surface, the world’s oceans appear vast and boundless. Ocean currents, which can transport marine organisms thousands of kilometers, coupled with species that spend some or all of their life in the pelagic zone, the open sea, highlight the potential for well-mixed, panmictic marine populations. Yet these ocean habitats do harbor boundaries. In this largely three-dimensional marine environment, gradients form boundaries. These gradients include temperature, salinity, and oxygen gradients. Ocean currents also form boundaries between neighboring water masses even as they can break through barriers by transporting organisms huge distances. With the advent of next-generation sequencing approaches, which allow us to easily generate a large number of genomic markers, we are in an unprecedented position to study the effects of these potential oceanic boundaries and can ask how often and when do locally adapted marine populations evolve. This knowledge will inform our understanding of how marine organisms respond to climate change and affect how we protect marine diversity. In this chapter I first discuss the major boundaries present in the marine environment and the implications they have for marine organisms. Next, I discuss the how genomic approaches are impacting our understanding of genetic connectivity, ocean fisheries, and local adaptation, including the potential for epigenetic adaptation. I conclude with considerations for marine conservation and management and future prospects.
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