Heartfelt empathy? No association between interoceptive awareness, questionnaire measures of empathy, reading the mind in the eyes task or the director task.
Heartfelt empathy? No association between interoceptive awareness, questionnaire measures of empathy, reading the mind in the eyes task or the director task.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00554
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Tsakiris M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ainley V;Maister L;Tsakiris M
内感受被定义为从身体内部产生的传入信息，是所有情感体验的基础，并支撑着“自我”。然而，人们在内感受信号到达意识的程度上有所不同。这一特点既调节了他们的情感体验，也调节了他们在多感官环境中区分“自我”和“他人”的能力。情感体验和自我/他人区分或重叠的程度同样是共情的基础，共情是一个包括情感分享、共情关注和观点采择（PT）的总称。因此，尽管缺乏明确的证据，但人们往往认为内感受性意识（IA）和同理心之间存在联系。为了验证这两种特质的个体差异应该相关的假设，我们在四个实验中测量了IA，使用了一个经过充分验证的心跳感知任务，并将其与几个与共情各个方面相关的测试得分进行了比较。我们首先测量了人际反应指数的得分，然后测量了认知和情感移情问卷的得分。第三，由于“模拟主义者”的解释假设情感分享参与了情感识别，我们采用了“阅读眼睛中的心灵任务”来识别面部表情。与预期相反，我们发现IA和这些措施的任何方面之间没有显着的关系。这种明显缺乏直接联系的现象，对关于共情在多大程度上必然体现的假设产生了重要影响。最后，为了评估认知PT能力，特别是需要自我/他人的区别，我们使用了“主任任务”，但没有发现任何关系。我们的结论是，使共情的能力可能与IA在各种冲突的方式，这样的IA和共情的各个组成部分之间的直接关联尚未建立。
Interoception, defined as afferent information arising from within the body, is the basis of all emotional experience and underpins the ‘self.’ However, people vary in the extent to which interoceptive signals reach awareness. This trait modulates both their experience of emotion and their ability to distinguish ‘self’ from ‘other’ in multisensory contexts. The experience of emotion and the degree of self/other distinction or overlap are similarly fundamental to empathy, which is an umbrella term comprising affect sharing, empathic concern and perspective-taking (PT). A link has therefore often been assumed between interoceptive awareness (IA) and empathy despite a lack of clear evidence. To test the hypothesis that individual differences in both traits should correlate, we measured IA in four experiments, using a well-validated heartbeat perception task, and compared this with scores on several tests that relate to various aspects of empathy. We firstly measured scores on the Index of Interpersonal Reactivity and secondly on the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy. Thirdly, because the ‘simulationist’ account assumes that affect sharing is involved in recognizing emotion, we employed the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task’ for the recognition of facial expressions. Contrary to expectation, we found no significant relationships between IA and any aspect of these measures. This striking lack of direct links has important consequences for hypotheses about the extent to which empathy is necessarily embodied. Finally, to assess cognitive PT ability, which specifically requires self/other distinction, we used the ‘Director Task’ but found no relationship. We conclude that the abilities that make up empathy are potentially related to IA in a variety of conflicting ways, such that a direct association between IA and various components of empathy has yet to be established.
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DOI：
10.1177/1745691614545130
发表时间：
2014-09
期刊：
Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
影响因子：
--
作者：
Decety J;Cowell JM
通讯作者：
Cowell JM
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Herbert BM;Muth ER;Pollatos O;Herbert C
通讯作者：
Herbert C
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2006.2002
发表时间：
2007-04-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Gallese, Vittorio
通讯作者：
Gallese, Vittorio
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Cameron, OG
通讯作者：
Cameron, OG
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
HOGAN, R
通讯作者：
HOGAN, R