Friends or Foes: Is Empathy Necessary for Moral Behavior?

Friends or Foes: Is Empathy Necessary for Moral Behavior?
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DOI:
10.1177/1745691614545130
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发表时间:
2014-09
期刊:
Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Cowell JM
Cowell JM
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Decety J;Cowell JM

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在过去的十年里,我们见证了一系列关于道德和同理心的实证和理论研究,以及媒体和公共领域对道德和同理心的兴趣和使用的增加。有时,在大众和学术界,道德和同理心是可以互换使用的,而后者通常被认为是前者的基础。在这篇文章中,我们认为,虽然道德和同理心之间存在关系,但它并不像乍一看那么简单。此外,区分共情的不同方面(情感分享、共情关注和观点采纳)是至关重要的,因为每个方面都独特地影响道德认知并预测道德行为的不同结果。来自进化生物学、发育学、行为学、情感和社会神经科学的经验证据和理论被全面地整合在一起,以支持这一论点。大量的研究结果说明了道德和同理心之间复杂而模棱两可的关系。理解这种关系的关键是更精确地使用所使用的概念,也许要放弃“共情”这个模糊的概念。
The past decade has witnessed a flurry of empirical and theoretical research on morality and empathy, as well as increased interest and usage in the media and the public arena. At times, in both popular and academia, morality and empathy are used interchangeably, and quite often the latter is considered to play a foundational role for the former. In this article, we argue that, while there is a relationship between morality and empathy, it is not as straightforward as apparent at first glance. Moreover, it is critical to distinguish between the different facets of empathy (emotional sharing, empathic concern, and perspective taking), as each uniquely influences moral cognition and predicts differential outcomes in moral behavior. Empirical evidence and theories from evolutionary biology, developmental, behavioral, and affective and social neuroscience are comprehensively integrated in support of this argument. The wealth of findings illustrates a complex and equivocal relationship between morality and empathy. The key to understanding such relations is to be more precise on the concepts being used, and perhaps abandoning the muddy concept of empathy.
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