Dimensions of Migrant Integration in Western Europe.
Dimensions of Migrant Integration in Western Europe.
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DOI：
10.3389/fsoc.2021.510987
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Schneider SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heath AF;Schneider SL
移民少数群体的融合是多元化社会的一个主要关切，对受影响者的福祉、社会凝聚力和群体关系以及经济和社会进步都有重大影响。本文通过对西欧长期移民融合的描述，探讨移民同化与融合的理论。我们采取多层面的方法，着眼于衡量社会、结构、政治、公民和文化融合的10项指标。我们采取了一种创新的方法来衡量少数民族背景，使用两个互补的措施：代际地位，区分第一代和第二代移民从第三代和更高的“本地人”，和自我报告的祖先，分离那些与本地唯一的祖先与那些与各种外来的祖先。利用这些措施之间的相互作用效应，我们可以测试是否代际变化是更快或更慢的一些族裔群体比其他人，即是否不同的群体以不同的速度融合。使用欧洲社会调查第7轮和第8轮中包括的所有西欧国家的汇总样本，我们进行多变量回归分析，以估计移民背景对10个融合指标的影响。与具有本地血统的移民相比，中东、北非和中亚以及撒哈拉以南非洲血统的受访者在除政治和公民之外的所有融合维度上的融合程度较低。南亚和东南亚群体在社会和文化上的同化程度也低得多，但在结构上则不那么严重。紧随其后的是东南欧和东欧集团，它们遵循同样的模式，只是后者在政治上一体化程度也较低。我们只发现两个整合指标，即公民身份和同性恋恐惧症，因此，融合的速度似乎不同的种族群体之间的种族群体和移民一代大量的相互作用的影响。对于所有其他指标，融合速度似乎没有不同的族裔群体，支持直线同化理论，与社会融合方面的种族间的友谊可能，而不是以下的“颠簸线”模式。
The integration of immigrant minorities is a major concern for diverse societies–with major implications for the well-being of those affected, social cohesion and group relations, and economic and social progress. In this paper, we give a comprehensive description of long-term migrant integration in Western Europe to investigate theories of migrant assimilation and integration. We take a multidimensional approach, looking at 10 indicators measuring social, structural, political, civic and cultural integration. We take an innovative approach to measuring minority background by using two complementary measures: generational status, distinguishing first and second-generation migrants from the third and higher up ‘natives,’ and self-reported ancestry, separating those with autochthonous-only ancestry from those with various kinds of allochthonous ancestry. Using interaction effects between these measures, we can test whether generational change is faster or slower for some ethnic groups than for others, i.e. whether different groups integrate at differing speeds. Using the pooled samples of all Western European countries included in the European Social Survey rounds 7 and 8, we run multivariate regression analyses to estimate the effects of migrant background on the 10 indicators of integration. Compared to migrants with autochthonous ancestry, respondents of Middle Eastern, North African & Central Asian as well as Sub-Saharan African ancestry are less integrated on all dimensions of integration except the political and civic ones. The South & South-East Asian group is also substantially less assimilated socially and culturally, but not so much structurally. They are closely followed by the South East and East European groups, following the same pattern except that the latter are less integrated politically as well. We only find substantial interaction effects between ethnic group and migrant generation for two integration indicators, namely citizenship and homophobia, for which speed of integration thus appears to differ across ethnic groups. For all other indicators, integration speed does not appear to differ across ethnic groups, supporting straight line assimilation theory, with social integration in terms of interethnic friendship potentially rather following a ‘bumpy-line’ pattern.
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通讯作者：
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