Northeast African genomic variation shaped by the continuity of indigenous groups and Eurasian migrations.
Northeast African genomic variation shaped by the continuity of indigenous groups and Eurasian migrations.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1006976
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发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Jakobsson M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hollfelder N;Schlebusch CM;Günther T;Babiker H;Hassan HY;Jakobsson M
东北非有着悠久的人类居住历史，发现了最早的解剖学上的现代人的化石，并拥有古老的文明。该地区也是走出非洲的大门，也是从欧亚大陆经由中东和阿拉伯半岛移民到非洲的门户。我们通过对苏丹和南苏丹18个人口的221个个体中约390万个SNP进行基因分型，并将这些数据与周边地区公布的全基因组数据相结合，调查了东北非的人口历史。我们发现，该地区东北部的人口(努比亚人、中部阿拉伯人和贝哈人)和西部和南部的人口(尼洛特人、达尔富尔人和科尔多凡人)之间存在严重的遗传鸿沟。这种分化主要是由于东北人口中欧亚血统的大部分，可能是由中东群体的迁徙推动的，其次是混杂，影响了当地人口从北到南的事件演替。基因证据表明，努比亚人早期发生了一次混血事件，同时发生在北苏丹和阿拉伯群体之间的历史接触。我们估计，今天苏丹阿拉伯人口中的混血儿大约在700年前，恰逢东奥拉在公元1315/1316年的衰落，大约400-200年前，一波混血浪潮到达了达尔富尔/科尔多凡尼亚的人口中。与东北种群形成对比的是，来自该地区南部的今天的尼罗河种群很少或根本没有欧亚种群的混合，这表明在东北非洲这些地区长期与世隔绝和种群延续。东北非通过中东和阿拉伯半岛与欧亚大陆有地理和历史上的联系，但该地区本身的人口历史更加难以捉摸。我们调查了东北非洲种群的基因组多样性，发现了明显的双峰分布的变异，与地理相关，可能是由沿尼罗河迁徙的欧亚混血驱动的。这一混合过程在很大程度上与阿拉伯征服时期相吻合，沿着尼罗河和青尼罗河向南扩散。占据白尼罗河周围地区的尼罗河人群体表现出长期的连续性、遗传隔离和与祖先东非人的遗传联系。与现在相比，在从中东迁徙之前，今天尼罗特人的祖先很可能居住在非洲东北部更大的地区，因为他们的祖先成分仍然可以在大片地区找到。我们的发现揭示了苏丹人和南苏丹人的遗传史，拓宽了我们对人类人口学历史的认识，并量化了东北非大规模历史性移民事件的影响。
Northeast Africa has a long history of human habitation, with fossil-finds from the earliest anatomically modern humans, and housing ancient civilizations. The region is also the gate-way out of Africa, as well as a portal for migration into Africa from Eurasia via the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula. We investigate the population history of northeast Africa by genotyping ~3.9 million SNPs in 221 individuals from 18 populations sampled in Sudan and South Sudan and combine this data with published genome-wide data from surrounding areas. We find a strong genetic divide between the populations from the northeastern parts of the region (Nubians, central Arab populations, and the Beja) and populations towards the west and south (Nilotes, Darfur and Kordofan populations). This differentiation is mainly caused by a large Eurasian ancestry component of the northeast populations likely driven by migration of Middle Eastern groups followed by admixture that affected the local populations in a north-to-south succession of events. Genetic evidence points to an early admixture event in the Nubians, concurrent with historical contact between North Sudanese and Arab groups. We estimate the admixture in current-day Sudanese Arab populations to about 700 years ago, coinciding with the fall of Dongola in 1315/1316 AD, a wave of admixture that reached the Darfurian/Kordofanian populations some 400–200 years ago. In contrast to the northeastern populations, the current-day Nilotic populations from the south of the region display little or no admixture from Eurasian groups indicating long-term isolation and population continuity in these areas of northeast Africa. Northeast Africa has geographic and historical links to Eurasia via the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula, but the demographic history of the region itself has been more elusive. We investigate genomic diversity of northeast African populations and found a clear bimodal distribution of variation, correlated with geography, and likely driven by Eurasian admixture in the wake of migrations along the Nile. This admixture process largely coincides with the time of the Arab conquest, spreading in a southbound direction along the Nile and the Blue Nile. Nilotic populations occupying the region around the White Nile show long-term continuity, genetic isolation and genetic links to ancestral East African people. Compared to current times, groups that are ancestral to the current-day Nilotes likely inhabited a larger area of northeast Africa prior to the migration from the Middle East as their ancestry component can still be found in a large area. Our findings reveal the genetic history of Sudanese and South Sudanese people, broaden our knowledge on demographic history of humans, and quantify the impact of large-scale historic migration events in northeast Africa.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Gurdasani, Deepti;Carstensen, Tommy;Tekola-Ayele, Fasil;Pagani, Luca;Tachmazidou, Ioanna;Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos;Karthikeyan, Savita;Iles, Louise;Pollard, Martin O.;Choudhury, Ananyo;Ritchie, GrahamR. S.;Xue, Yali;Asimit, Jennifer;Nsubuga, Rebecca N.;Young, Elizabeth H.;Pomilla, Cristina;Kivinen, Katja;Rockett, Kirk;Kamali, Anatoli;Doumatey, Ayo P.;Asiki, Gershim;Seeley, Janet;Sisay-Joof, Fatoumatta;Jallow, Muminatou;Tollman, Stephen;Mekonnen, Ephrem;Ekong, Rosemary;Oljira, Tamiru;Bradman, Neil;Bojang, Kalifa;Ramsay, Michele;Adeyemo, Adebowale;Bekele, Endashaw;Motala, Ayesha;Norris, Shane A.;Pirie, Fraser;Kaleebu, Pontiano;Kwiatkowski, Dominic;Tyler-Smith, Chris;Rotimi, Charles;Zeggini, Eleftheria;Sandhu, Manjinder S.
通讯作者：
Sandhu, Manjinder S.
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Chang CC;Chow CC;Tellier LC;Vattikuti S;Purcell SM;Lee JJ
通讯作者：
Lee JJ
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Dobon, Begona;Hassan, Hisham Y.;Bertranpetit, Jaume
通讯作者：
Bertranpetit, Jaume
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Fox, CL
通讯作者：
Fox, CL
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Hodgson, Jason A.;Mulligan, Connie J.;Raaum, Ryan L.
通讯作者：
Raaum, Ryan L.