eNEMAL, an enhancer RNA transcribed from a distal MALAT1 enhancer, promotes NEAT1 long isoform expression.

eNEMAL, an enhancer RNA transcribed from a distal MALAT1 enhancer, promotes NEAT1 long isoform expression.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0251515
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Ahn EE
Ahn EE
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stone JK;Vukadin L;Ahn EE

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新的证据表明,活性增强子被大量转录,产生长的非编码 RNA,称为增强子 RNA (eRNA)。虽然推定的 eRNA 经常通过 RNA 测序观察到,但大多数 eRNA 的作用仍然很大程度上未知。此前,我们在 MALAT1 基因座上鉴定了在缺氧下形成染色质-染色质相互作用的假定增强子区域,其中一个增强子位于 NEAT1 基因下游约 30 kb 和 MALAT1 基因上游 -20 kb 处(MALAT1-20 kb 增强子)。在这里,我们报道了一种新的 eRNA,称为 NEAT1-MALAT1-Locus (eNEMAL) 的 eRNA,是从 MALAT1-20 kb 增强子转录而来并在灵长类动物中保守。我们发现,在多种乳腺癌细胞系中,eNEMAL 因缺氧而上调,但在非致瘤性 MCF10A 细胞中则不然。 eNEMAL 的过表达和敲低表明 eNEMAL 水平的改变不会影响 MALAT1 的表达。相反,我们发现 eNEMAL 上调 NEAT1 (NEAT1_2) 的长亚型,而不增加 MCF7 乳腺癌细胞中 NEAT1 总转录水平,这表明 eNEMAL 对生成 NEAT1 (NEAT1_1) 短亚型所需的 3' 端多聚腺苷酸化过程具有抑制作用。总之,我们证明从 MALAT1 增强子转录的 eRNA 调节 NEAT1 同工型表达,表明 MALAT1-20 kb 增强子及其转录物 eNEMAL 共同调节 MALAT1 和 NEAT1 以应对乳腺癌细胞的缺氧。
Emerging evidence has shown that active enhancers are abundantly transcribed, generating long non-coding RNAs, called enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). While putative eRNAs are often observed from RNA sequencing, the roles of most eRNAs remain largely unknown. Previously, we identified putative enhancer regions at the MALAT1 locus that form chromatin-chromatin interactions under hypoxia, and one of these enhancers is located about 30 kb downstream of the NEAT1 gene and -20 kb upstream of the MALAT1 gene (MALAT1–20 kb enhancer). Here, we report that a novel eRNA, named eRNA of the NEAT1-MALAT1-Locus (eNEMAL), is transcribed from the MALAT1–20 kb enhancer and conserved in primates. We found that eNEMAL is upregulated in response to hypoxia in multiple breast cancer cell lines, but not in non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells. Overexpression and knockdown of eNEMAL revealed that alteration of eNEMAL level does not affect MALAT1 expression. Instead, we found that eNEMAL upregulates the long isoform of NEAT1 (NEAT1_2) without increasing the total NEAT1 transcript level in MCF7 breast cancer cells, suggesting that eNEMAL has a repressive effect on the 3’-end polyadenylation process required for generating the short isoform of NEAT1 (NEAT1_1). Altogether, we demonstrated that an eRNA transcribed from a MALAT1 enhancer regulates NEAT1 isoform expression, implicating the MALAT1–20 kb enhancer and its transcript eNEMAL in co-regulation of MALAT1 and NEAT1 in response to hypoxia in breast cancer cells.
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