Long-term trends in nitrate and chloride in streams in an exurban watershed
Long-term trends in nitrate and chloride in streams in an exurban watershed
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远郊流域溪流中硝酸盐和氯化物的长期趋势
DOI：
10.1007/s11252-023-01340-0
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Suchy, Amanda K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castiblanco, Emma S.;Groffman, Peter M.;Duncan, Jonathan;Band, Lawrence E.;Doheny, Edward;Fisher, Gary T.;Rosi, Emma;Suchy, Amanda K.
随着城市化的继续，自然区域和人类栖息地之间的界限已经模糊，因此需要研究各个发展水平的生态系统。这种需求对于人口密度低但变化迅速的郊区环境尤其迫切，并且具有自然和人类主导特征的动态混合。我们研究了美国马里兰州巴尔的摩县森林和郊区溪流中硝酸盐和氯化物浓度和通量的长期（1998-2018）趋势。硝酸盐和氯化物的浓度和通量在远郊河流中比森林河流高一个数量级，并且在研究期间即使降雪量和道路盐使用量没有增加也在增加。1998 - 2008年森林河流氯离子浓度和通量呈上升趋势，但由于未量化因素的影响，2008 - 2018年氯离子浓度和通量呈下降趋势。在森林覆盖的河流中，硝酸盐的浓度下降了，可能是由于大气沉积的减少。大气沉降的减少，以及县政府减少肥料使用的努力，似乎并没有影响郊区流域的硝酸盐浓度和通量。任何减少市郊溪流中氯化物和硝酸盐浓度和通量的努力都可能从进一步了解时间模式背后的机制中受益匪浅。
The lines between natural areas and human habitats have blurred as urbanization continues, creating a need for the study of ecosystems at all levels of development. This need is particularly acute for exurban environments, which have low population density but are rapidly changing and have a dynamic mix of natural and human-dominated features. We examined long-term (1998–2018) trends in nitrate and chloride concentrations and fluxes in forested and exurban streams in Baltimore County, Md USA. Concentrations and fluxes of nitrate and chloride were an order of magnitude higher in the exurban stream than the forested stream and were increasing even though snowfall and road salt use did not increase over the study period. In the forested stream, concentrations and fluxes of chloride increased from 1998 to 2008, but decreased from 2008 to 2018 due to unquantified factors. Concentrations of nitrate decreased in the forested stream, likely due to decreases in atmospheric deposition. These decreases in atmospheric deposition, and efforts to reduce fertilizer use by county governments, do not appear to have affected nitrate concentrations and fluxes in the exurban watershed. Any efforts to reduce the concentrations and fluxes of chloride and nitrate in exurban streams will likely benefit substantially from further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the temporal patterns.
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