Intonational Means to Mark Verum Focus in German and French

Intonational Means to Mark Verum Focus in German and French
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德语和法语中标记 Verum Focus 的语调方法

DOI:
10.1177/0023830912460506
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Braun B.
Braun B.
中科院分区:
人文科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dimroth;Braun B.

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德语和法语在很多方面都有区别。关于韵律-语用界面,德语据说有一个直接的焦点到重音映射,这在很大程度上是不存在的法语-由于强大的结构约束。我们使用了一个半自发的对话设置,以调查语调标记的Verum焦点,一个重点的极性话语在两种语言(例如,孩子是撕裂的苦茶相反的说法,孩子没有撕裂的钞票)。当动词焦点应用于助动词时,语用方面(即突出对比)直接与结构限制(例如避免强调单音节功能词等语音上较弱的元素)竞争。语调分析表明,助动词主要是重音在德国,正如预期的那样。有趣的是,我们发现了大量的(尚未记录)焦点口音的短语初始助词在法国Verum焦点上下文。当法语口音模式均匀分布在信息结构的背景下,初始和最终的口音之间的相对突出(在峰高方面)转向初始口音在Verum焦点相比,非Verum焦点的背景。因此,我们的数据表明,法国也可能标记Verum焦点焦点的焦点口音,但这种趋势部分被强有力的结构约束。
German and French differ in a number of aspects. Regarding the prosody-pragmatics interface, German is said to have a direct focus-to-accent mapping, which is largely absent in French – owing to strong structural constraints. We used a semi-spontaneous dialogue setting to investigate the intonational marking of Verum Focus, a focus on the polarity of an utterance in the two languages (e.g.the child IS tearing the banknoteas an opposite claim tothe child is not tearing the banknote). When Verum Focus applies to auxiliaries, pragmatic aspects (i.e. highlighting the contrast) directly compete with structural constraints (e.g. avoiding an accent on phonologically weak elements such as monosyllabic function words). Intonational analyses showed that auxiliaries were predominantly accented in German, as expected. Interestingly, we found a high number of (as yet undocumented) focal accents on phrase-initial auxiliaries in French Verum Focus contexts. When French accent patterns were equally distributed across information structural contexts, relative prominence (in terms of peak height) between initial and final accents was shifted towards initial accents in Verum Focus compared to non-Verum Focus contexts. Our data hence suggest that French also may mark Verum Focus by focal accents but that this tendency is partly overridden by strong structural constraints.
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