Overcoming transport barrier to immunotherapies
Overcoming transport barrier to immunotherapies
复制标题
克服免疫疗法的运输障碍
DOI：
10.1007/s13346-021-01080-8
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Maisel, Katharina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maisel, Katharina
在过去的几十年里，免疫疗法的数量迅速增长，从新的癌症免疫疗法到更好地治疗炎症性肠病、哮喘和关节炎等慢性疾病。目前，全球免疫治疗市场预计到2025年将从2020年的1630亿美元增长到2750亿美元[1]，凸显了该领域的快速发展。尽管有这些进展，但将免疫疗法有效递送至其作用部位-无论是组织还是细胞-对最大化免疫功效构成了重大障碍。作为免疫交付焦点小组努力的一部分，我们编制了一个特别问题，重点是克服免疫治疗的运输障碍。我们首先通过我们尊敬的同事Shann Yu博士，Melody Swartz博士和Jeffrey Hubbell博士的观点介绍特刊的主题[2]。该特刊包括一些文章，重点介绍了新型药物递送载体的设计，以改善治疗靶向，以及研究免疫治疗转运障碍的机制和体外模型系统，这些模型可以为未来药物递送平台的发展提供信息。其中几篇文章关注与癌症免疫治疗相关的挑战。Ukidve等人描述了目前的肿瘤相关屏障、研究这些屏障的体外模型系统以及克服这些屏障的药物递送策略[3]。Carney等人描述了使用纳米治疗剂治疗乳腺癌脑转移的当前策略，范围从直接靶向血脑/肿瘤屏障到肿瘤细胞[4]。Ramesh等人使用含有抗PDL 1抗体和CSF 1 R抑制剂的自组装脂质纳米颗粒系统有效治疗黑色素瘤[5]。Rui等人强调了增强胶质母细胞瘤免疫疗法的生理学、免疫学和药物递送屏障[6]。Turk等人描述了用于治疗包括癌症和神经变性在内的脑部疾病的不同的基于细胞的疗法[7]。另一组文章强调细胞外基质（ECM）和基质作为免疫治疗的屏障。Chung等人描述了为克服癌症免疫治疗的基质屏障而开发的不同策略[8]。Aghlara-Fotovat等人描述了靶向患病微环境中ECM以恢复组织稳态的药物和细胞治疗递送策略[9]。几篇文章描述了用于治疗炎性病症如关节炎和1型糖尿病的治疗剂的设计，以及用于各种免疫应用的靶向淋巴结驻留白细胞。Tu等人描述了目前基于生物材料的类风湿性关节炎靶向免疫策略[10]。Li等人设计了含有地塞米松和MCL-1 siRNA的纳米颗粒系统，以减少类风湿性关节炎中的炎症反应[11]。Zewail等人描述了一种新的智能水凝胶系统，可以在关节内注射，以减少关节炎关节的炎症[12]。Carey等人使用载有雷帕霉素和1型糖尿病相关抗原的微粒来诱导调节性T细胞分化并减少促炎细胞因子以对抗糖尿病[13]。Archer等人定量评估了淋巴结实质内淋巴结驻留白细胞对不同大分子和药物递送系统的摄取[14]。最后，几篇文章强调了免疫组织或较大组织的免疫组分以及免疫血管生态位的现有模型系统。Ramirez等人描述了设计用于研究淋巴组织（如淋巴结和骨髓）的微流体系统，以评估疾病中的免疫参与。
The number of immunotherapies has rapidly grown in the last decades, ranging from new cancer immunotherapies to better treatments for chronic ailments like inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and arthritis. Currently, the global immunotherapy market is expected to reach a market growth of $275 billion by 2025 from $163 billion in 2020 [1], highlighting the rapid advancements in this field. Despite these advances, effective delivery of immunotherapies to their site of action—whether tissues or cells—poses a significant obstacle to maximizing immunotherapeutic efficacies. As part of the Immuno Delivery Focus Group’s effort, we have compiled a special issue focusing on overcoming transport barriers to immunotherapeutic treatments. We first introduce the topic of the special issue via a perspective from our distinguished colleagues Drs. Shann Yu, Melody Swartz, and Jeffrey Hubbell [2]. The special issue includes articles highlighting design of new drug delivery vehicles to improve therapeutic targeting as well as mechanisms and in vitro model systems to study transport barriers to immunotherapy that can inform the development of future drug delivery platforms. Several of the articles focus on challenges relating to cancer immunotherapy. Ukidve et al. describe the current tumor-associated barriers, in vitro model systems to study these barriers, and drug delivery strategies to overcome these barriers [3]. Carney et al. describe current strategies explored for treating breast cancer brain metastases using nanotherapeutics, ranging from targeting the blood–brain/tumor barrier to the tumor cells directly [4]. Ramesh et al. used a self-assembled lipid nanoparticle system containing anti-PDL1 antibodies and CSF1R inhibitors to effectively treat melanoma [5]. Rui et al. highlight physiological, immunological, and drug delivery barriers to enhance glioblastoma immunotherapies [6]. Turk et al. describe different cell-based therapies for treating brain disorders including cancer and neurodegeneration [7]. Another group of articles highlight the extracellular matrix (ECM) and stroma as barrier to immunotherapies. Chung et al. describe different strategies that have been developed to overcome stromal barriers to cancer immunotherapy [8]. Aghlara-Fotovat et al. describe drug and cellular therapeutic delivery strategies to target ECM in diseased microenvironments to restore tissue homeostasis [9]. Several articles describe design of therapeutics for treating inflammatory conditions like arthritis and type 1 diabetes, as well as targeting lymph node–resident leukocytes for various immune applications. Tu et al. describe current biomaterial-based strategies for targeting immunity in rheumatoid arthritis [10]. Li et al. designed a dexamethasone and MCL-1 siRNA containing nanoparticle system to reduce the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis [11]. Zewail et al. describe a new smart hydrogel system that can be injected intra-articularly to reduce inflammation in arthritic joints [12]. Carey et al. used microparticles loaded with rapamycin and type 1 diabetes–relevant antigens to induce regulatory T cell differentiation and reduce proinflammatory cytokines against diabetes [13]. Archer et al. quantitatively assess uptake of different macromolecules and drug delivery systems by lymph node–resident leukocytes within the lymph node parenchyma [14]. And lastly, several articles highlight existing model systems of immune tissues or immunological components of larger tissues as well as the immune-vascular niche. Ramirez et al. describe microfluidic systems designed to study lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes and bone marrow, to assess immune involvement in diseases …
克服免疫治疗的运输障碍
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Shann S. Yu;J. Hubbell;M. Swartz
通讯作者：
M. Swartz
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Rui Y;Green JJ
通讯作者：
Green JJ