How Can Fluctional Chiral Lanthanide (III) Complexes Achieve a High Stereoselectivity in Aqueous Mukaiyama-Aldol Reaction?

How Can Fluctional Chiral Lanthanide (III) Complexes Achieve a High Stereoselectivity in Aqueous Mukaiyama-Aldol Reaction?
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波动手性镧系元素 (III) 配合物如何在水相 Mukaiyama-Aldol 反应中实现高立体选择性?

DOI:
10.1021/acscatal.5b00438
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
12.9
通讯作者:
K. Morokuma
K. Morokuma
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
M. Hatanaka;K. Morokuma

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镧系元素刘易斯酸催化的水相Mukaiyama-Aldol反应是绿色化学中最具吸引力的反应之一。具有高立体选择性的手性催化剂之一是Ln 3+与氟代DODP配合的(2 R,2′R)-二烷基2,2 ′-(1,7-二氧杂-4,10-二氮杂环十二烷-4,10-二基)二丙酸酯。本论文从理论上研究了Ln ~(3+)-DODP(Ln = Eu)配合物的结构以及该配合物催化苯甲醛与硅烯醇醚形成立体定向C-C键的过渡态(TS),以阐明反应立体选择性的来源。为了彻底探索局部极小值和TS,我们使用了一种自动探索方法,称为全局反应根映射(GRRM)策略。与传统的刚性手性催化剂不同,Eu 3 +-DODP的三种构象(最低A、次低B和第三低C)共存于反应体系中。考虑到所有的TS从三个构象,我们再现了实验的对映体过量和非对映体的比例定量。从第二低的共形物B获得了生成主要立体异构体(R,R)的C-C键形成的最稳定TS。从conformerC中获得了产生对映体(S,S)的最低TS;从conformerB中获得的相似(S,S)TS稳定性低0.4 kcal/mol。因此,要提高对映选择性,就要降低构象异构体存在的概率.实现这一点的最简单的方法是用其他离子半径较大的Ln 3+取代Eu 3+,这与实验事实一致。
The aqueous Mukaiyama-Aldol reaction catalyzed by lanthanide (Ln) Lewis acid is one of the most attractive reactions for green chemistry. One of the chiral catalysts that achieved a high stereoselectivity is Ln3+complexed with fluctional DODP, (2R,2′R)-dialkyl 2,2′-(1,7-dioxa-4,10-diazacyclododecane-4,10-diyl)dipropanoates. In this study, we theoretically studied the structure of the Ln3+–DODP (Ln = Eu) complex and the transition states (TSs) for stereodetermining C–C bond formation step between benzaldehyde and silyl enol ether catalyzed by this complex to elucidate the origin of stereoselectivity of the reaction. To explore the local minima and TSs exhaustively, we used an automated exploration method, called the Global Reaction Root Mapping (GRRM) strategy. Unlike conventional rigid chiral catalysts, three conformers of the Eu3+–DODP (the lowestA, the second lowestB, and the third lowestC) coexisted in the reaction system. Considering all the TSs obtained from the three conformers, we reproduced the experimental enantio excess and diastereomeric ratio quantitatively. The most stable TS for the C–C bond formation producing the major stereoisomer (R,R) was obtained from the second lowest conformerB. The lowest TS producing the enantiomer (S,S) was obtained from the conformerC; the similar (S,S) TS obtained from the conformerBwas 0.4 kcal/mol less stable. Thus, to improve the enantioselectivity, the existing probability of the conformerChad to be reduced. The easiest way to achieve this is replacing Eu3+by other Ln3+with larger ionic radii, which was consistent with the experimental facts.
DOI: 10.1021/jp061149l
发表时间: 2006-07-20
影响因子: 2.9
作者:
Ohno, Koichi;Maeda, Satoshi
通讯作者: Maeda, Satoshi
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1999
期刊:
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发表时间: 2019
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DOI: 10.1021/ic500790q
发表时间: 2014-06-16
影响因子: 4.6
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通讯作者: Allen, Matthew J.
DOI: 10.1021/ja107197p
发表时间: 2010-09-22
影响因子: 15
作者:
Mei Y;Dissanayake P;Allen MJ
通讯作者: Allen MJ