Community- and government-managed marine protected areas increase fish size, biomass and potential value.
Community- and government-managed marine protected areas increase fish size, biomass and potential value.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0182342
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Eklöf JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chirico AAD;McClanahan TR;Eklöf JS
政府管理的海洋保护区（MPAs）可以恢复小型鱼类种群，但因排除资源使用者和制造冲突而受到严厉批评。一个有希望但研究较少的替代办法是社区管理的海洋保护区，在这种情况下，资源使用者更多地参与海洋保护区的设计、实施和执行。在这里，我们评估了政府和社区管理的海洋保护区的海草和珊瑚礁相关的鱼类的密度，大小和生物量的影响，在肯尼亚沿海泻湖进行实地调查。我们还评估了保护对鱼类潜在货币价值的影响;这是一个随鱼体质量非线性增加的变量，从渔业角度来看特别重要。我们发现，两个最近建立的社区海洋保护区（面积< 1平方公里，≤ 5年的保护）拥有更大的鱼类和更大的鱼类总生物量比两个捕鱼（开放获取）的地区，在海草床和珊瑚礁。正如预期的那样，在较老和较大的政府海洋保护区中，保护效果要强得多。重要的是，在管理和栖息地类型中，对鱼类潜在货币价值的保护作用远强于对鱼类生物量和大小的影响（社区海洋保护区的价值分别是捕捞区的6.7倍和2.6倍和1.3倍）。这种对潜在价值的强烈影响部分是由于个体较大（因此更有价值）的鱼类的存在，部分是由于高价值分类群（如兔鱼）的密度较高。总之，我们表明，i）小型和最近建立的社区管理的海洋保护区，就像较大和较旧的政府管理的海洋保护区，在当地保护高价值鱼类方面发挥着重要作用，并且ii）这些影响在珊瑚礁和海草床中同样强烈;一个重要的栖息地很少被纳入正式管理。因此，社区管理的海洋保护区可使珊瑚礁和海草生态系统受益，并使有价值的鱼类溢出到附近的渔场。
Government-managed marine protected areas (MPAs) can restore small fish stocks, but have been heavily criticized for excluding resource users and creating conflicts. A promising but less studied alternative are community-managed MPAs, where resource users are more involved in MPA design, implementation and enforcement. Here we evaluated effects of government- and community-managed MPAs on the density, size and biomass of seagrass- and coral reef-associated fish, using field surveys in Kenyan coastal lagoons. We also assessed protection effects on the potential monetary value of fish; a variable that increases non-linearly with fish body mass and is particularly important from a fishery perspective. We found that two recently established community MPAs (< 1 km2 in size, ≤ 5 years of protection) harbored larger fish and greater total fish biomass than two fished (open access) areas, in both seagrass beds and coral reefs. As expected, protection effects were considerably stronger in the older and larger government MPAs. Importantly, across management and habitat types, the protection effect on the potential monetary value of the fish was much stronger than the effects on fish biomass and size (6.7 vs. 2.6 and 1.3 times higher value in community MPAs than in fished areas, respectively). This strong effect on potential value was partly explained by presence of larger (and therefore more valuable) individual fish, and partly by higher densities of high-value taxa (e.g. rabbitfish). In summary, we show that i) small and recently established community-managed MPAs can, just like larger and older government-managed MPAs, play an important role for local conservation of high-value fish, and that ii) these effects are equally strong in coral reefs as in seagrass beds; an important habitat too rarely included in formal management. Consequently, community-managed MPAs could benefit both coral reef and seagrass ecosystems and provide spillover of valuable fish to nearby fisheries.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Cinner JE;Huchery C;Darling ES;Humphries AT;Graham NA;Hicks CC;Marshall N;McClanahan TR
通讯作者：
McClanahan TR
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Coker, D. J.;Graham, N. A. J.;Pratchett, M. S.
通讯作者：
Pratchett, M. S.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Coulthard, Sarah
通讯作者：
Coulthard, Sarah
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Berkstrom, Charlotte;Gullstrom, Martin;Nystrom, Magnus
通讯作者：
Nystrom, Magnus
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Cinner, Joshua E.;Graham, Nicholas A. J.;Macneil, M. Aaron
通讯作者：
Macneil, M. Aaron