BODY SIZE, PREY SIZE, AND ECOLOGICAL SEGREGATION IN FIVE SYMPATRIC TROPICAL TERNS (AVES: LARIDAE)
BODY SIZE, PREY SIZE, AND ECOLOGICAL SEGREGATION IN FIVE SYMPATRIC TROPICAL TERNS (AVES: LARIDAE)
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五种同域热带燕鸥的体型、猎物大小和生态隔离（鸟纲：燕鸥科）
DOI：
10.1093/sysbio/17.3.292
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发表时间：
1968
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
N. Ashmole
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Ashmole
通过收集和分析食物样本，可以对生活在太平洋圣诞岛上的五种燕鸥的饮食进行比较。所有燕鸥主要在飞行时捕食，捕捉被掠食性鱼类追到水面的鱼和乌贼。黑腹背鹬和黑腹背鹬体型相同，捕获的猎物种类和大小相似，但黑背腹背鹬可以利用距离陆地更远的觅食区域，而且数量也更多。银鹬（Gygis alba），尤其是细嘴鹬（Anous tenuirostris）体型较小，捕食的猎物也较小。吉吉斯吃许多对细嘴鳅不重要的鱼类和鱿鱼，并且可能在不同的时间捕获它们。 Procelsterna cerulea 是最小的物种，主要以鱼类幼虫和小型无脊椎动物为食。三个最密切相关的物种，A. stolidus、A. tenuirostris 和 Procelsterna，主要在大小上有所不同。它们的重量比为 3.8: 2.0: 1，但最大 2% 的鱼类猎物的平均体积比为 30: 约。 7 : 1. 讨论差异的原因。考虑了喙长度、喙厚度和体型数据在评估鸟类之间食物竞争程度时的价值。有人认为，生态隔离现象不一定表明竞争排斥的运作，并且有人建议，不能假设许多自然栖息地包含最大数量的相关物种，如果出现建立自身的机会，这些物种可以无限期地共存。
Collection and analysis of food samples permitted comparison of the diets of five species of terns that occur together on Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean. All the terns feed mainly while flying, catching fish and squid chased to the surface by predatory fish. Sterna fuscata and Anous stolidus, which are of equal size, catch prey of similar kinds and sizes, but S. fuscata can exploit feeding areas further from land, and is more numerous. Gygis alba and especially Anous tenuirostris are smaller and eat smaller prey. Gygis eats many fish and squid of kinds not important to A. tenuirostris, and may catch them at different times. Procelsterna cerulea, the smallest species, eats mainly fish larvae and tiny inveltebrates. The three most closely related species, A. stolidus, A. tenuirostris, and Procelsterna, differ mainly in size. The ratios of their weights are 3.8: 2.0: 1, but the ratios of the mean volumes of the largest 2 per cent of their fish prey are 30: ca. 7 : 1. The reasons for the discrepancy are discussed. The value of data on bill length, bill thickness, and body size in assessing the extent of competition for food among bird species is considered. It is argued that the phenomenon of ecological segregation need not indicate the operation of competitive exclusion, and it is suggested that many natural habitats cannot be assumed to contain the greatest number of related species that could coexist there indefinitely if the opportunity to establish themselves arose.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
MACARTHUR, RH
通讯作者：
MACARTHUR, RH