Systematically fragmented genes in a multipartite mitochondrial genome.

Systematically fragmented genes in a multipartite mitochondrial genome.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkq883
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发表时间:
2011-02
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Burger G
Burger G
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vlcek C;Marande W;Teijeiro S;Lukes J;Burger G

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可以说,最奇怪的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)是裸藻动物真核生物乳头双丝藻(Diplonema papillatum)的mtDNA。基因组由许多小的环状染色体组成,其中没有一个似乎编码一个完整的基因。例如,cox 1编码序列以非重叠片段(模块)分布在9条不同的染色体上,这些片段分别转录并通过反式剪接连接到连续的mRNA上。在这里,我们检查了Diplonema线粒体DNA编码多少基因,以及是否所有基因都被片段化及其转录本都被反式拼接。由于双丝藻线粒体基因的序列差异,模块鉴定具有挑战性。通过采用最敏感的蛋白质图谱搜索算法,并比较基因组和cDNA序列,我们共识别出11个典型的线粒体基因。10个蛋白质编码基因被系统地切割成3至12个60-350 bp长度的模块。相应的mRNA都是反式剪接的。核糖体RNA的鉴定是最困难的。到目前为止,我们只检测到大亚基核糖体RNA(rRNA)的3′-模块;它不与其他片段反式剪接。小亚基rRNA基因仍然难以捉摸。我们的研究结果打开了新的有趣的问题,生物化学和进化的线粒体反式剪接的双丝。
Arguably, the most bizarre mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is that of the euglenozoan eukaryote Diplonema papillatum. The genome consists of numerous small circular chromosomes none of which appears to encode a complete gene. For instance, the cox1 coding sequence is spread out over nine different chromosomes in non-overlapping pieces (modules), which are transcribed separately and joined to a contiguous mRNA by trans-splicing. Here, we examine how many genes are encoded by Diplonema mtDNA and whether all are fragmented and their transcripts trans-spliced. Module identification is challenging due to the sequence divergence of Diplonema mitochondrial genes. By employing most sensitive protein profile search algorithms and comparing genomic with cDNA sequence, we recognize a total of 11 typical mitochondrial genes. The 10 protein-coding genes are systematically chopped up into three to 12 modules of 60–350 bp length. The corresponding mRNAs are all trans-spliced. Identification of ribosomal RNAs is most difficult. So far, we only detect the 3′-module of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA); it does not trans-splice with other pieces. The small subunit rRNA gene remains elusive. Our results open new intriguing questions about the biochemistry and evolution of mitochondrial trans-splicing in Diplonema.
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