Non-Muscle Myosin II

Non-Muscle Myosin II
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非肌肉肌球蛋白 II

DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4020-6519-4_7
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发表时间:
2008
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
R. Adelstein
R. Adelstein
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
M. Conti;S. Kawamoto;R. Adelstein

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在哺乳动物中,三种不同的非肌肉肌球蛋白II亚型,II-A,II-B和II-C,广泛分布于整个生物体。虽然少数细胞含有单一亚型,但大多数细胞含有多种亚型,包括通过选择性剪接产生的亚型。在人类中,这些亚型由三种不同的基因编码,MYH 9(II-A)、MYH 10和MYH 14(II-C),存在于三种不同的染色体上。这些蛋白质在许多基本的细胞和发育过程中发挥作用,如细胞-细胞粘附、细胞迁移和胞质分裂。虽然这三种亚型都有许多共同的生化和结构特性,但它们之间也存在重要的差异,这些差异正在细胞水平上进行研究,而相对特异的肌球蛋白MgATPase活性抑制剂blebbistatin是两种重要的新工具,有助于阐明非肌肉肌球蛋白II的功能。使用同源重组产生的小鼠已被消融,或具有,每种亚型的量显着减少,或具有点突变的各种亚型,也提供了新的信息,这些蛋白质在体内的作用。本章的目的是回顾非肌肉组织的粘蛋白II的特性及其信号通路,并提供其在许多物种细胞以及完整动物细胞中的功能的例子
In mammals, three different isoforms of nonmuscle myosin II, II-A,II-B and II-C, are widely distributed throughout the entire organism. while a few cells contain a single isoform, most contain more than one,including isoforms generated by alternative splicing. In humans, these isoforms are encoded by three different genes, MYH9 (II-A), MYH10 and MYH14(II-C), present on threee different chromosomes. These proteins play a role in many fundamental cellular and developmental processes such as cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and cytokinesis. Although all three isoforms share a number of biochemical and structural properties, there are also importand differences among them that are being investigated at both the cellular level as well as the relaticely specific inhibitor of myosin MgATPase activity, blebbistatin, are two important new tools helping to ellucidate the function of nonmuscle myosin II. The use of homologous recombination to generate mice that have been ablated for, or have ,markedly decreased amounts of each isoform, or have point mutations in the various isoforms, is also providing new information about the role of these proteins in vivo. The purpose of the present chapter is to review the properties of nonmuscle muosin II and its signalilng pathways and to provide examples of its function in cells fromo a number of species, as well as intact animals
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