Apportionment of the Pre‐Industrial to Present‐Day Climate Forcing by Methane Using UKESM1: The Role of the Cloud Radiative Effect
Apportionment of the Pre‐Industrial to Present‐Day Climate Forcing by Methane Using UKESM1: The Role of the Cloud Radiative Effect
复制标题
使用 UKESM1 分配工业化前至今的甲烷气候强迫:云辐射效应的作用
DOI:
--
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6.8
通讯作者:
J. Manners
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
F. O’Connor;B. Johnson;Omar Jamil;T. Andrews;J. Mulcahy;J. Manners
The Year 1850 to 2014 increase in methane from 808 to 1831 ppb leads to an effective radiative forcing (ERF) of 0.97 ± 0.04 W m−2 in the United Kingdom's Earth System Model, UKESM1. The direct methane contribution is 0.54 ± 0.04 W m−2. It is better represented in UKESM1 than in its predecessor model HadGEM2 due to shortwave and longwave absorption improvements and the absence of an anomalous dust response in the UKESM1 simulations. An indirect ozone ERF of 0.13–0.20 W m−2 is due to the tropospheric ozone increase outweighing that of the stratospheric decrease. The indirect water vapor ERF of 0.02–0.07 W m−2 is consistent with previous estimates. The methane increase also leads to a cloud radiative effect of 0.12 ± 0.02 W m−2 from thermodynamic adjustments and aerosol‐cloud interactions (aci). Shortwave and longwave contributions of 0.23 and −0.35 W m−2 to the cloud forcing arise from radiative heating and stabilization of the upper troposphere, reducing convection and global cloud cover. The aerosol‐mediated contribution (0.28–0.30 W m−2) is due to changes in oxidants reducing new particle formation (−8%), shifting the aerosol size distribution toward fewer but larger particles. Cloud droplet number concentration decreases and cloud droplet effective radius increases. This reduction in the Twomey effect switches the cloud forcing sign (−0.14 to 0.12 W m−2) and is due to chemistry‐aerosol‐cloud coupling in UKESM1. Despite uncertainties in rapid adjustments and process representation in models, these results highlight the potential importance of chemistry‐aerosol‐cloud interactions and dynamical adjustments in climate forcing.
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影响因子:
5.1
作者:
Mann, G. W.;Carslaw, K. S.;Johnson, C. E.
通讯作者:
Johnson, C. E.
DOI:
10.1029/2020jd033880
发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Atmospheres
影响因子:
--
作者:
Andrews T
通讯作者:
Andrews T
影响因子:
6.3
作者:
Kurtén T
通讯作者:
Kurtén T
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1922502117
发表时间:
2020-07
影响因子:
11.1
作者:
I. McCoy;D. McCoy;R. Wood;L. Regayre;D. Watson‐Parris;D. Grosvenor;J. Mulcahy;Yongxiang Hu;F. Bender;P. Field;K. Carslaw;H. Gordon
通讯作者:
I. McCoy;D. McCoy;R. Wood;L. Regayre;D. Watson‐Parris;D. Grosvenor;J. Mulcahy;Yongxiang Hu;F. Bender;P. Field;K. Carslaw;H. Gordon
影响因子:
6.3
作者:
Thornhill G
通讯作者:
Thornhill G