Effective Radiative Forcing in a GCM With Fixed Surface Temperatures
Effective Radiative Forcing in a GCM With Fixed Surface Temperatures
复制标题
具有固定表面温度的 GCM 中的有效辐射强迫
DOI:
10.1029/2020jd033880
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Andrews T
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Andrews T
Effective radiative forcing (ERF) is evaluated in the ACCESS1.0 General Circulation Model (GCM) with fixed land and sea‐surface‐temperatures (SST) as well as sea‐ice. The 4xCO2ERF is 8.0 W m−2. In contrast, a typical ERF experiment with only fixed SST and sea‐ice gives rise to an ERF of only 7.0 W m−2. This difference arises due to the influence of land warming in the commonly used fixed‐SST ERF experimental design, which results in: (i) increased emission of longwave radiation to space from the land surface (−0.45 W m−2) and troposphere (−0.90 W m−2), (ii) reduced land snow‐cover and albedo (+0.17 W m−2), (iii) increased water‐vapor (+0.49 W m−2), and (iv) a cloud adjustment (−0.26 W m−2) due to reduced stability and cloudiness over land (positive ERF) counteracted by increased lower tropospheric stability and marine cloudiness over oceans (negative ERF). The sum of these radiative adjustments to land warming is to reduce the 4xCO2ERF in fixed‐SST experiments by ∼1.0 W m−2. CO2stomatal effects are quantified and found to contribute just over half of the land warming effect and adjustments in the fixed‐SST ERF experimental design in this model. The basic physical mechanisms in response to land warming are confirmed in a solar ERF experiment. We test various methods that have been proposed to account for land warming in fixed‐SST ERFs against our GCM results and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.
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影响因子:
5.2
作者:
M. Ringer;T. Andrews;M. Webb
通讯作者:
M. Webb
影响因子:
5.1
作者:
D. Ackerley;R. Chadwick;D. Dommenget;P. Petrelli
通讯作者:
D. Ackerley;R. Chadwick;D. Dommenget;P. Petrelli
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
T. Andrews;M. Ringer;M. Doutriaux;M. Webb;W. Collins
通讯作者:
W. Collins
影响因子:
4.9
作者:
T. Andrews;M. Ringer
通讯作者:
M. Ringer
影响因子:
4.9
作者:
Zarakas, Claire M.;Swann, Abigail L.;Laguë, Marysa M.;Armour, Kyle C.;Randerson, James T.
通讯作者:
Randerson, James T.