Dating the Hemudu Neolithic rice cultivation site, East China, by paleomagnetic chronostratigraphy
Dating the Hemudu Neolithic rice cultivation site, East China, by paleomagnetic chronostratigraphy
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利用古地磁年代地层学对中国东部河姆渡新石器时代稻作遗址进行年代测定
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110297
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Deng Chenglong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zheng Yan;Zheng Hongbo;Guo Qianying;Yang Qing;Hu Zhujun;Yao Xinya;Zhou Xinying;Zhao Keliang;Li Xiaoqiang;Deng Chenglong
河姆渡是东中国出土最早的水稻遗迹，是著名的考古遗址，是新石器时代人们管理沿海农田的经典范例。然而，由于沿海沉积物中缺乏可测年的物质，人类对全新世海平面变化的适应能力一直受到低分辨率年代学的阻碍。古地磁方向和强度在区域尺度上的对比提供了这些沉积物的独立相对年龄。对河姆渡新石器时代遗址长27米的HMD13岩芯进行了高分辨率古地磁年代学研究，并讨论了与之相关的南端全新世早期古气候变化。扫描电子显微镜鉴定的磁性矿物是磁铁矿、含铁硅酸盐和硫化铁(黄铁矿或云母)。岩石磁学测量表明，其主要剩磁载体为单畴磁铁矿。U形通道样品每隔1 cm进行的逐级交变磁场退磁实验表明，古地磁倾角在60°左右波动，有5个主峰和4个低谷。利用自然剩余磁化强度归一化到无滞后剩余磁化强度的方法，估算了在20-40 Mt AF范围内的相对古强度(RPI)，该强度有四个主峰。HMD13岩心的倾角和RPI的变化与东中国海的数据相似，因此可以建立一个改进的年龄-深度模型。新调整的年龄深度模型将不同可测年材料之间的14C年龄误差降至最低。根据新的年龄模型，HMD13的倾角和RPI与东亚的古分子变化(PSV)叠加和地磁模型的预测结果相当。地球化学指标记录的全新世早期4次冷事件表明，HMD13岩心的沉积序列受全球古气候变化的影响，但其长期趋势指向局部古环境变化。沉积速率和来自海洋的沉积物分数的增加表明，在全新世早期(9-7.5百万年)发生了大规模的海侵。随后，古人从公元前70年开始开发建造桩屋，从公元前63年开始种植野稻。我们的研究表明，利用良好的PSV和RPI记录进行区域地层对比是建立可靠的年龄深度模型的一种实用方法。连续沉积序列的高分辨率年代学对于阐明史前人类与环境的共同演化具有很好的潜力。
Hemudu is a famous archaeological site with the earliest rice remains unearthed in East China and represents a classic example of how Neolithic people managed coastal farmland. However, appreciation of human adaptation to Holocene sea-level changes has been hampered by low-resolution chronology due to lack of datable materials in coastal sediments. Correlation of paleomagnetic directions and intensity on a regional scale provides independent relative dating of such sediments. We did high-resolution paleomagnetic chronology work on core HMD13 (27 m in length) from Hemudu Neolithic site and discussed relevant early Holocene paleoclimate change of Southern China. Magnetic minerals identified by scanning electron microscopy are magnetite, iron-bearing silicates, and iron sulfide (pyrite or greigite). Rock magnetic measurements indicate that the primary remanence carrier is single-domain magnetite. Stepwise alternating field (AF) demagnetization experiments at 1 cm intervals on U-channel samples show that paleomagnetic inclinations fluctuate around 60°, with five major peaks and four troughs. A relative paleointensity (RPI) was estimated using normalizing natural remanent magnetization intensity to anhysteretic remanent magnetization over 20–40 mT AF range, which has four major peaks. Variations of inclination and RPI in core HMD13 resemble the data from the East China Sea and allowed the development of a refined age-depth model. The new adjusted age-depth model minimized dating errors of14C ages among different datable materials. From the new age model, inclination and RPI of HMD13 are comparable to paleosecular variation (PSV) stack from East Asia and predicted results from geomagnetic models. Four cold events in the early Holocene recorded by geochemical proxies imply that sedimentary sequence of core HMD13 was influenced by global paleoclimate variation, while its long-term trend points to local paleoenvironmental change. Increases in sedimentation rates and the marine-derived sediment fractions suggest a massive transgression in the early Holocene (9–7.5 ka). Subsequently, ancient people developed and built pile dwellings since ~7 ka and cultivated wild rice from ~6.3 ka. Our study demonstrates that regional stratigraphic correlation with well-dated PSV and RPI records is a practical approach to establishing reliable age-depth models. A high-resolution chronology on continuous sedimentary sequence has excellent potential to elucidate prehistoric human-environment co-evolution.
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