School Class Composition and Student Development in Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Domains: Longitudinal Analyses of Primary School Students in Germany

School Class Composition and Student Development in Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Domains: Longitudinal Analyses of Primary School Students in Germany
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学校班级构成与学生在认知和非认知领域的发展:德国小学生的纵向分析

DOI:
10.1007/978-94-007-6119-3_8
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Schneider
Schneider
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schneider

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本文讨论了随着时间的推移,社会和民族学校的班级构成是否以及如何影响学生的认知和非认知发展。表现优秀的学生往往来自更有特权的背景,他们可能会为实力较弱的学生提供增强能力发展的机会,并为适合学校环境的行为树立榜样。相比之下,在学校或学校班级中有移民背景的儿童比例较高,可能会导致教师降低要求,以适应非母语人士的语言技能水平。此外,一个班级中移民比例越高,孩子们在学校内外使用母语的机会和动机就越大。为了检验这些不同的假设,我们分析了关于学校班级作文对学生认知和非认知结果变化的影响的面板数据,即词汇、算术和努力。这些数据来自BiKS项目(学龄前和小学阶段的教育过程、能力发展和选择决策),自2006年以来一直在德国的两个州收集。这项小组研究提供了来自150多个班级的近2400名学生的详细信息,包括评估测试、学生和教师的问卷以及对家长的电话采访。主要的结果是,如果考虑到最初的词汇、算术或努力程度,学校的班级作文几乎没有影响。这意味着,如果我们从三年级到四年级从单纯的横截面模式转变为增值模式。一个例外是移民在班级中的比例与个人在算术方面的进步之间存在负相关。
The paper discusses whether and how social and ethnic school class composition may affect students’ cognitive and non-cognitive development over time. High-performing students, who often tend to come from more privileged backgrounds, may provide opportunities for weaker students to enhance their competence development and serve as role models for behavior appropriate to the school setting. In contrast, a higher share of children with a migration background at a school or in a school class may lead teachers to lower their requirements to adapt to the level of the non-native speakers’ language skills. Moreover, a higher proportion of immigrants in a class increases children’s opportunities and incentives to use their language of origin in and around school. To test these different hypotheses, we analyze panel data on the impact of school class composition on students’ changes in cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes, namely vocabulary, numeracy, and effort. The data are derived from the BiKS project (Educational Processes, Competence Development and Selection Decisions in Preand Elementary School Age) and have been collected in two German states since 2006. The panel study provides detailed information on almost 2,400 students from over 150 classes and includes assessment tests, student’s and teacher’s questionnaires, and telephone interviews with parents. The major result is that school class composition has little to no effect if initial measures on vocabulary, numeracy or effort are taken into account. This means, that if we shift from a purely cross-sectional to a value-added model from grade 3 to 4. One exception is the negative correlation between the share of migrants in a class and the individual progress in numeracy.
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