Strong interactions between spinal cord networks for locomotion and scratching.
Strong interactions between spinal cord networks for locomotion and scratching.
复制标题
脊髓网络之间用于运动和抓挠的强烈相互作用。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
A. Berkowitz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhao;Lucy E. Spardy;Edward Nguyen;J. Rubin;A. Berkowitz
不同的节律行为涉及一组共同的运动神经元和肌肉，可以由独立的中枢神经系统（CNS）网络，单个网络或部分重叠的网络在无脊椎动物中产生。脊椎动物的情况鲜为人知。同时激活两个网络可以揭示它们之间的重叠或相互作用。海龟的脊髓包含产生运动和三种形式的抓挠（吻侧、口袋和尾侧）的网络，具有不同的膝-髋协同作用。在这里，我们报告说，在固定的脊椎龟中，同时提供不同类型的刺激，分别引起向前游泳和一种形式的抓挠，可以1)增加节奏频率；2)唤起开关、混合动力和中间运动模式；3)当游泳刺激强度降至阈下强度时，仍能恢复游泳运动模式；4)完全破坏节奏生成。游泳刺激的强度会影响结果。因此，即使是口袋挠和尾鳍挠，它们与向前游泳没有膝盖和臀部的协同作用，也可以与游泳刺激相互作用，改变节奏和模式的产生。模型模拟用于探索我们的实验结果与假设的节奏生成网络架构的兼容性。只有当模型包含参与游泳和抓抓节律产生的神经元之间的相互作用时，模型才能重现实验观察结果，使用某些神经元积极参与游泳和抓抓节律发生的模型架构，模拟和实验之间的最大一致性得以实现。总的来说，这些发现表明产生运动和抓挠的脊髓网络具有重要的共享成分或它们之间的强烈相互作用。
Distinct rhythmic behaviors involving a common set of motoneurons and muscles can be generated by separate central nervous system (CNS) networks, a single network, or partly overlapping networks in invertebrates. Less is known for vertebrates. Simultaneous activation of two networks can reveal overlap or interactions between them. The turtle spinal cord contains networks that generate locomotion and three forms of scratching (rostral, pocket, and caudal), having different knee-hip synergies. Here, we report that in immobilized spinal turtles, simultaneous delivery of types of stimulation, which individually evoked forward swimming and one form of scratching, could 1) increase the rhythm frequency; 2) evoke switches, hybrids, and intermediate motor patterns; 3) recruit a swim motor pattern even when the swim stimulation was reduced to subthreshold intensity; and 4) disrupt rhythm generation entirely. The strength of swim stimulation could influence the result. Thus even pocket scratching and caudal scratching, which do not share a knee-hip synergy with forward swimming, can interact with swim stimulation to alter both rhythm and pattern generation. Model simulations were used to explore the compatibility of our experimental results with hypothetical network architectures for rhythm generation. Models could reproduce experimental observations only if they included interactions between neurons involved in swim and scratch rhythm generation, with maximal consistency between simulations and experiments attained using a model architecture in which certain neurons participated actively in both swim and scratch rhythmogenesis. Collectively, these findings suggest that the spinal cord networks that generate locomotion and scratching have important shared components or strong interactions between them.
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Skinner, F K;Kopell, N;Marder, E
通讯作者：
Marder, E
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Reisman, DS;Block, HJ;Bastian, AJ
通讯作者：
Bastian, AJ
影响因子：
25
作者：
Marder, Eve;Taylor, Adam L.
通讯作者：
Taylor, Adam L.