Functions and evolution of selenoprotein methionine sulfoxide reductases.
Functions and evolution of selenoprotein methionine sulfoxide reductases.
复制标题
硒蛋白硫氨酸还原酶的功能和进化。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.04.014
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发表时间：
2009-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gladyshev VN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee BC;Dikiy A;Kim HY;Gladyshev VN
蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶（Msrs）是一种巯基依赖性酶，它催化蛋氨酸亚砜转化为蛋氨酸。已知三个Msr家族，MsrA， MsrB和fRMsr。MsrA和MsrBs分别负责蛋白质中蛋氨酸-s -亚砜和蛋氨酸- r -亚砜残基的还原，而fRMsr则负责游离蛋氨酸- r -亚砜的还原。除作用于蛋白质外，MsrA还能还原游离蛋氨酸-s -亚砜。一些MsrAs和MsrBs进化到利用催化硒半胱氨酸。这包括MsrB1，它是哺乳动物细胞细胞质和细胞核中的主要MsrB。硒半胱氨酸被专门用于插入MsrB1和其他硒蛋白的框架内UGA密码子。硒半胱氨酸为Msrs的蛋白质修复功能提供了催化优势，但也使这些蛋白质依赖于硒的供应，并需要调整其策略以再生活性酶。Msrs具有保护细胞蛋白免受氧化应激的作用，通过这种功能，它们可能调节几种模式生物的寿命。
Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs) are thiol-dependent enzymes which catalyze conversion of methionine sulfoxide to methionine. Three Msr families, MsrA, MsrB, and fRMsr, are known. MsrA and MsrBs are responsible for the reduction of methionine-S-sulfoxide and methionine-R-sulfoxide residues in proteins, respectively, whereas fRMsr reduces free methionine-R-sulfoxide. Besides acting on proteins, MsrA can additionally reduce free methionine-S-sulfoxide. Some MsrAs and MsrBs evolved to utilize catalytic selenocysteine. This includes MsrB1, which is a major MsrB in cytosol and nucleus in mammalian cells. Specialized machinery is used for insertion of selenocysteine into MsrB1 and other selenoproteins at in-frame UGA codons. Selenocysteine offers catalytic advantage to the protein repair function of Msrs, but also makes these proteins dependent on the supply of selenium and requires adjustments in their strategies for regeneration of active enzymes. Msrs have roles in protecting cellular proteins from oxidative stress and through this function they may regulate lifespan in several model organisms.
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