How the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill reshaped our understanding of crude oil photochemical weathering at sea: a past, present, and future perspective.
How the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill reshaped our understanding of crude oil photochemical weathering at sea: a past, present, and future perspective.
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2010 年深水地平线泄漏事件如何重塑了我们对海上原油光化学风化的理解：过去、现在和未来的视角。
DOI：
10.1039/d0em00027b
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Overton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Ward;E. Overton
海上原油风化的研究已有近半个世纪的历史。然而，验证基于实验室的关于石油风化过程的速率、相对重要性和控制的预测的机会相对较少（例如，蒸发、光氧化和乳化）。2010年墨西哥湾的深水地平线（DWH）泄漏事件为石油泄漏科学界提供了一个独特的机会来评估我们在自然界中基于实验室的预测。以光化学风化为重点，我们回顾了DWH泄漏之前我们所知道的，我们从DWH泄漏中学到了什么，以及知识中存在哪些优先差距。DWH泄漏的三个关键调查结果进行了讨论。首先，浮在水面的石油的光化学风化的速度和程度比根据石油风化的早期概念模型所预期的要大得多。第二，间接的光化学过程中发挥了主要作用的浮表面油的部分氧化。第三，阳光对石油的物理和化学性质的广泛和迅速的变化可能会影响石油的命运，运输和应对工具的选择。这篇评论还强调了几十年前关于石油光化学风化的发现和预测，这些发现和预测似乎已经逃脱了更广泛的科学叙述，并最终被证明是正确的DWH泄漏。通过关注这些早期预测并综合DWH泄漏事件的众多发现，我们预计这次审查将更好地为漏油科学界做好准备，以应对下一次海洋大泄漏。
The weathering of crude oil at sea has been researched for nearly half a century. However, there have been relatively few opportunities to validate laboratory-based predictions about the rates, relative importance, and controls of oil weathering processes (e.g., evaporation, photo-oxidation, and emulsification) under natural field conditions. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill in the Gulf of Mexico provided the oil spill science community with a unique opportunity to evaluate our laboratory-based predictions in nature. With a focus on photochemical weathering, we review what we knew prior to the DWH spill, what we learned from the DWH spill, and what priority gaps in knowledge remain. Three key findings from the DWH spill are discussed. First, the rate and extent of photochemical weathering was much greater for the floating surface oil than expected based on early conceptual models of oil weathering. Second, indirect photochemical processes played a major role in the partial oxidation of the floating surface oil. Third, the extensive and rapid changes to the physical and chemical properties of oil by sunlight may influence oil fate, transport, and the selection of response tools. This review also highlights findings and predictions about photochemical weathering of oil from several decades ago that appear to have escaped the broader scientific narrative and ultimately proved true for the DWH spill. By focusing on these early predictions and synthesizing the numerous findings from the DWH spill, we expect this review will better prepare the oil spill science community to respond to the next big spill in the ocean.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Aeppli, Christoph;Swarthout, Robert F.;Reddy, Christopher M.
通讯作者：
Reddy, Christopher M.