Adult-born neurons add flexibility to hippocampal memories.
Adult-born neurons add flexibility to hippocampal memories.
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成年神经元为海马记忆增添了灵活性。
DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2023.1128623
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Croset, Vincent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Folsz, Orsolya;Trouche, Stephanie;Croset, Vincent
尽管大多数神经元是在胚胎中产生的，但在整个成年过程中，特定大脑区域的神经发生保持在较低的比率，包括哺乳动物海马齿状回。在海马体中编码的情景样记忆需要齿状回通过从重叠的输入中产生不同的神经元表征来解除相似经验的关联(模式分离)。整合到齿状回回路的成年出生的神经元与常驻的成熟细胞竞争神经元的输入和输出，并招募抑制电路来限制海马区的活动。他们在成熟过程中表现出短暂的过度兴奋和超塑性，这使得他们更有可能被任何给定的经验所招募。行为学证据表明，成年出生的神经元支持啮齿动物齿状回在编码过程中的模式分离，它们被认为为紧密连续编码的记忆提供了时间戳。神经元的不断增加逐渐退化了原有的连接，促进了海马体的泛化，最终忘记了海马体中的远程记忆。这为新的存储器腾出了空间，防止了饱和和干扰。总体而言，一小部分成年出生的神经元似乎对海马区信息的编码和移除做出了独特的贡献。尽管关于神经发生的功能相关性仍然存在一些不一致的观点，但在这篇综述中，我们认为未成熟神经元赋予齿状回一种独特的瞬时形式，补充突触的可塑性，帮助动物灵活地适应不断变化的环境。
Although most neurons are generated embryonically, neurogenesis is maintained at low rates in specific brain areas throughout adulthood, including the dentate gyrus of the mammalian hippocampus. Episodic-like memories encoded in the hippocampus require the dentate gyrus to decorrelate similar experiences by generating distinct neuronal representations from overlapping inputs (pattern separation). Adult-born neurons integrating into the dentate gyrus circuit compete with resident mature cells for neuronal inputs and outputs, and recruit inhibitory circuits to limit hippocampal activity. They display transient hyperexcitability and hyperplasticity during maturation, making them more likely to be recruited by any given experience. Behavioral evidence suggests that adult-born neurons support pattern separation in the rodent dentate gyrus during encoding, and they have been proposed to provide a temporal stamp to memories encoded in close succession. The constant addition of neurons gradually degrades old connections, promoting generalization and ultimately forgetting of remote memories in the hippocampus. This makes space for new memories, preventing saturation and interference. Overall, a small population of adult-born neurons appears to make a unique contribution to hippocampal information encoding and removal. Although several inconsistencies regarding the functional relevance of neurogenesis remain, in this review we argue that immature neurons confer a unique form of transience on the dentate gyrus that complements synaptic plasticity to help animals flexibly adapt to changing environments.
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