Early-to-mid gestation fetal testosterone increases right hand 2D:4D finger length ratio in polycystic ovary syndrome-like monkeys.
Early-to-mid gestation fetal testosterone increases right hand 2D:4D finger length ratio in polycystic ovary syndrome-like monkeys.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0042372
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Abbott DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abbott AD;Colman RJ;Tiefenthaler R;Dumesic DA;Abbott DH
第二手指相对于第四手指的较小长度比（2D∶4D）反复与胎儿男性典型的睾酮（T）相关，并被认为是多种性状和对多种疾病易感性的生物标志物，但尚未进行实验性人体研究。本研究利用恒河猴（人类的近亲），在妊娠早期至中期（40-76天; n = 7）或晚期（94-139天; n = 7）（足月：165天），通过每日皮下注射10 mg丙酸T，使雌性猴在妊娠期间暴露于胎儿雄性典型T水平15-35天。 这种妊娠期暴露被认为会增强男性的典型行为。在本研究中，与对照组女性（n = 19）相比，只有妊娠早中期的T暴露使女性外生殖器男性化，同时通过男性样的RH 2D延长增加右手（RH）的2D∶4D比值。 RH 2D长度和2D∶4D与雄激素依赖的肛门生殖器距离（AG）呈正相关，RH 2D和AG与孕早中期T暴露时间呈正相关。雄猴（n = 9）的右脚表现出2D∶4D的性二态性，但妊娠早中期或妊娠晚期暴露于T的雌猴不具有这种特征。 X线确定的指骨测量表明男性手指和脚趾指骨长度延长，但没有其他指骨相关的差异。因此，雌性恒河猴妊娠早期至中期的不连续T暴露似乎通过右侧偏置的非骨骼组织生长增加RH 2D ∶4D。由于妊娠期T暴露的时间和持续时间的变化独立于RH 4D改变了RH 2D的男性样尺寸，因此出生后RH 2D ∶4D为胎儿T暴露提供了一个复杂的生物标志物。
A smaller length ratio for the second relative to the fourth finger (2D∶4D) is repeatedly associated with fetal male-typical testosterone (T) and is implicated as a biomarker for a variety of traits and susceptibility to a number of diseases, but no experimental human studies have been performed. The present study utilizes the rhesus monkey, a close relative of humans, and employs discrete gestational exposure of female monkeys to fetal male-typical T levels for 15–35 days during early-to-mid (40–76 days; n = 7) or late (94–139 days; n = 7) gestation (term: 165 days) by daily subcutaneous injection of their dams with 10 mg T propionate. Such gestational exposures are known to enhance male-typical behavior. In this study, compared to control females (n = 19), only early-to-mid gestation T exposure virilizes female external genitalia while increasing 2D∶4D ratio in the right hand (RH) by male-like elongation of RH2D. RH2D length and 2D∶4D positively correlate with androgen-dependent anogenital distance (AG), and RH2D and AG positively correlate with duration of early-to-mid gestation T exposure. Male monkeys (n = 9) exhibit a sexually dimorphic 2D∶4D in the right foot, but this trait is not emulated by early-to-mid or late gestation T exposed females. X-ray determined phalanx measurements indicate elongated finger and toe phalanx length in males, but no other phalanx-related differences. Discrete T exposure during early-to-mid gestation in female rhesus monkeys thus appears to increase RH2D∶4D through right-side biased, non-skeletal tissue growth. As variation in timing and duration of gestational T exposure alter male-like dimensions of RH2D independently of RH4D, postnatal RH2D∶4D provides a complex biomarker for fetal T exposure.
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