Redefining the role of Ca(2+)-permeable channels in photoreceptor degeneration using diltiazem.

Redefining the role of Ca(2+)-permeable channels in photoreceptor degeneration using diltiazem.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41419-021-04482-1
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发表时间:
2022-01-10
影响因子:
9
通讯作者:
Nache V
Nache V
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Das S;Popp V;Power M;Groeneveld K;Yan J;Melle C;Rogerson L;Achury M;Schwede F;Strasser T;Euler T;Paquet-Durand F;Nache V

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光感受器的遗传性变性与Ca 2+渗透通道的过度激活、过多的Ca 2+内流以及Ca 2+依赖性钙蛋白酶型蛋白酶的下游激活有关。不幸的是,经过20多年的相关研究,仍然缺乏明确的证据证明Ca 2+通道阻滞剂具有显著和可重复的感光细胞保护作用。在这里,我们表明,D-和L-顺式对映体的抗高血压药物地尔硫卓是非常有效的阻断光感受器Ca 2+内流,最有可能通过阻断孔的Ca 2+渗透通道。然而,出乎意料的是,这种阻断既没有降低钙蛋白酶型蛋白酶的活性,也没有导致感光细胞保护。值得注意的是,地尔硫卓的L-顺式对映体的应用甚至导致感光细胞死亡的强烈增加。这些发现对先前提出的Ca 2+与视网膜变性之间的联系提出了质疑,并且与未来的治疗开发高度相关,因为它们可能有助于将研究工作重新集中到替代的Ca 2+非依赖性退行性机制上。
Hereditary degeneration of photoreceptors has been linked to over-activation of Ca2+-permeable channels, excessive Ca2+-influx, and downstream activation of Ca2+-dependent calpain-type proteases. Unfortunately, after more than 20 years of pertinent research, unequivocal evidence proving significant and reproducible photoreceptor protection with Ca2+-channel blockers is still lacking. Here, we show that both D- and L-cis enantiomers of the anti-hypertensive drug diltiazem were very effective at blocking photoreceptor Ca2+-influx, most probably by blocking the pore of Ca2+-permeable channels. Yet, unexpectedly, this block neither reduced the activity of calpain-type proteases, nor did it result in photoreceptor protection. Remarkably, application of the L-cis enantiomer of diltiazem even led to a strong increase in photoreceptor cell death. These findings shed doubt on the previously proposed links between Ca2+ and retinal degeneration and are highly relevant for future therapy development as they may serve to refocus research efforts towards alternative, Ca2+-independent degenerative mechanisms.
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