Maximum running speed of captive bar-headed geese is unaffected by severe hypoxia.
Maximum running speed of captive bar-headed geese is unaffected by severe hypoxia.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0094015
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bishop CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hawkes LA;Butler PJ;Frappell PB;Meir JU;Milsom WK;Scott GR;Bishop CM
虽然斑头雁以在喜马拉雅山脉的高海拔迁徙而闻名，但之前对圈养鸟类的研究表明，这些斑头雁在严重缺氧的条件下无法保持耗氧率。为了研究这一悖论，我们重新检测了斑头雁和藤壶鹅(一种低海拔物种)在低氧运动中的跑步表现和心率。斑头雁(n = 7)能在重度低氧(7%O2；模拟85 0 0m低氧)中以最大速度(常氧测定)跑15分钟，平均心率为4 6 6±8次−1。而在重度低氧条件下，斑头雁(n = 10)不能完成类似的实验，其平均心率(316次.min−1)显著低于斑头雁。在斑头雁中，动脉血和混合静脉血中氧气和二氧化碳的分压在低氧状态下显著低于常氧状态，无论是在休息时还是在跑步时。然而，对斑头雁的血乳酸的测量表明，在低氧条件下跑步时，无氧代谢不是主要的能量来源。我们将这些数据与文献中的值结合起来，以估计(I)氧气供应，使用Fick方程，和(Ii)使用空气动力学理论估计斑头雁在高空以自己的力量进行有氧飞行的氧气需求。这项分析预测，鹅可以在没有环境帮助的情况下运送足够的氧气飞行的最高高度在6800米到8900米之间，这取决于模型中使用的参数，但这样的飞行应该很少。
While bar-headed geese are renowned for migration at high altitude over the Himalayas, previous work on captive birds suggested that these geese are unable to maintain rates of oxygen consumption while running in severely hypoxic conditions. To investigate this paradox, we re-examined the running performance and heart rates of bar-headed geese and barnacle geese (a low altitude species) during exercise in hypoxia. Bar-headed geese (n = 7) were able to run at maximum speeds (determined in normoxia) for 15 minutes in severe hypoxia (7% O2; simulating the hypoxia at 8500 m) with mean heart rates of 466±8 beats min−1. Barnacle geese (n = 10), on the other hand, were unable to complete similar trials in severe hypoxia and their mean heart rate (316 beats.min−1) was significantly lower than bar-headed geese. In bar-headed geese, partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in both arterial and mixed venous blood were significantly lower during hypoxia than normoxia, both at rest and while running. However, measurements of blood lactate in bar-headed geese suggested that anaerobic metabolism was not a major energy source during running in hypoxia. We combined these data with values taken from the literature to estimate (i) oxygen supply, using the Fick equation and (ii) oxygen demand using aerodynamic theory for bar-headed geese flying aerobically, and under their own power, at altitude. This analysis predicts that the maximum altitude at which geese can transport enough oxygen to fly without environmental assistance ranges from 6,800 m to 8,900 m altitude, depending on the parameters used in the model but that such flights should be rare.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0034-5687(99)00083-3
发表时间：
1999-12-01
期刊：
RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2012.2114
发表时间：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1923.0006
发表时间：
1923-02-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-CONTAINING PAPERS OF A BIOLOGICAL CHARACTER
影响因子：
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作者：
Brown, WEL;Hill, AV
通讯作者：
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