Bone Density Measurement Using Computed Tomography
Bone Density Measurement Using Computed Tomography
复制标题
使用计算机断层扫描进行骨密度测量
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Celenk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ç. Çelenk;P. Celenk
骨质疏松症是一个重大的医学、社会和经济问题。骨质疏松症和低骨量影响估计4400万美国人（国家骨质疏松症基金会，2008年）。据估计，50岁以上的白色女性和白色男性发生髋部、脊柱或前臂骨折的终生风险分别为40%和13%。因此，相当多的注意力集中在评估骨量和识别骨折风险人群的能力上。确定骨密度（BD）有助于医生确定那些骨密度相关骨折风险增加的患者。骨密度（或骨矿物质密度）是一个医学术语，指的是每平方厘米骨的物质量。骨密度在临床医学中被用作骨质疏松症和骨折风险的间接指标。BD测量最常在腰椎和髋关节上部进行。在最近的文献中，已经介绍了几种方法来测量下颌骨和骨骼BD，然后将这些测量结果与骨骼其他部位的BD进行比较。测量是无痛的，非侵入性的，并涉及最小的辐射暴露。本章将介绍和讨论使用计算机断层扫描技术的骨密度。CT是一种成像技术，它以横截面显示人体解剖结构，并提供三维数据集，可用于多个平面或三维设置中的图像重建和分析。CT用于研究骨病理学，从创伤性病变到骨肿瘤。除了形态学信息外，CT还提供有关组织衰减的信息。BD的直接Hounsfield单位测量可用于检查骨质。衰减值可以从原始CT数据中提取并用于重建图像。这些值也可用于估计组织的密度。CT可准确测量骨密度。CT密度测量方法可用于将松质骨与皮质壳和椎骨后部元件分离。CT密度测量已显示出优于其他方式使用CT进行密度测量进行了讨论，包括它的几个挑战，在目前的临床。详细讨论了CT密度、分类和配准的基础。
Osteoporosis is a major medical, social, and economic problem. Osteoporosis and low bone mass affect an estimated 44 million Americans (National Osteoporosis Foundation, 2008). The lifetime risk of hip, spine, or forearm fractures is estimated to be 40% in white women and 13% in white men above 50 years of age. Considerable attention is therefore focused on assessing bone mass and the ability to identify people at risk of fracture. Determining bone density (BD) helps a doctor determine those at increased risk for osteoporosis-related fracture. Bone density (or bone mineral density) is a medical term that refers to the amount of matter per square centimeter of bone. Bone density is used in clinical medicine as an indirect indicator of osteoporosis and fracture risk. BD measurements are most commonly made over the lumbar spine and over the upper part of the hip. In recent literature, several approaches have been introduced to measure mandibular and skeletal BD, and then compare these measurements with BD in other parts of the skeleton. The measurement is painless, non-invasive, and involves minimal radiation exposure. In this chapter, bone density using computed the tomography technique will be introduced and discussed. CT is an imaging technique that shows human anatomy in cross sections and provides a three-dimensional dataset that can be used for image reconstruction and analysis in several planes or three-dimensional settings. CT is used to study bone pathology, from traumatic lesions to bone neoplasm. In addition to morphologic information, CT also provides information about tissue attenuation. Direct Hounsfield unit measurements for BD may be used to examine bone quality. Attenuation values can be extracted from raw CT data and used to reconstruct images. These values can also be used to estimate the density of tissues. CT accurately measures bone density. CT density measurement methods can be used as to separate the trabecular bone from the cortical shell and the posterior elements of vertebrae. CT density measurements have shown superiority to other modalities Using CT for take density measurements is discussed, including several of its challenges, in the current clinic. The foundations of CT density, classification, and registration are discussed in detail.
绝经后早期和绝经后骨质疏松女性的骨矿物质含量：测量方法的比较。
影响因子：
19.7
作者：
Reinbold,WD;Genant,HK;Reiser,UJ;Harris,ST;Ettinger,B
通讯作者：
Ettinger,B