Sexual dimorphism and natural variation within and among species in the Drosophila retinal mosaic.
Sexual dimorphism and natural variation within and among species in the Drosophila retinal mosaic.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12862-014-0240-x
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发表时间：
2014-11-26
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
McGregor AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hilbrant M;Almudi I;Leite DJ;Kuncheria L;Posnien N;Nunes MD;McGregor AP
昆虫复眼由小眼组成，小眼含有感光细胞，这些感光细胞对由它们表达的特定视紫红质蛋白定义的不同波长的光敏感。果蝇黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）有几种不同的小眼类型，它们可以定位于特定的视网膜区域，例如背缘区域（DRA），或者随机分布在视网膜上的马赛克中，例如“苍白”和“黄色”类型。这些小眼模式的变化很可能对昆虫的视觉产生重要影响，并可能成为行为和环境适应的基础。然而，尽管D.虽然果蝇的小眼类型与黑腹果蝇相似，但不同小眼类型的频率和分布在果蝇的性别、品系和物种之间的差异程度尚不清楚。我们调查了基于视紫红质蛋白表达的小眼类型的频率和分布，以及不同品系的D. melanogaster、黑腹杜父鱼D. simulans和D.毛里求斯。我们发现，虽然小眼的数量是不变的，Rh 3表达小眼更频繁的女性的大眼睛相比，男性的所有物种的分析。小眼类型的频率和分布也不同的菌株和物种。地方模拟人菌株ZOM 4具有最高频率的表达Rh 3的小眼，这与在其眼睛的背后部中的苍白和奇数偶联的小眼的非随机斑块相关。结果表明，果蝇小眼类型的频率和分布在性别、品系和种间存在显著差异。这表明，潜在的调节机制的进化变化可以改变小眼类型的分布，以促进或限制它们在物种内和物种间眼睛特定区域的表达，这可能会导致这些苍蝇之间的视觉差异。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12862-014-0240-x）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Insect compound eyes are composed of ommatidia, which contain photoreceptor cells that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light defined by the specific rhodopsin proteins that they express. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has several different ommatidium types that can be localised to specific retinal regions, such as the dorsal rim area (DRA), or distributed stochastically in a mosaic across the retina, like the ‘pale’ and ‘yellow’ types. Variation in these ommatidia patterns very likely has important implications for the vision of insects and could underlie behavioural and environmental adaptations. However, despite the detailed understanding of ommatidia specification in D. melanogaster, the extent to which the frequency and distribution of the different ommatidium types vary between sexes, strains and species of Drosophila is not known. We investigated the frequency and distribution of ommatidium types based on rhodopsin protein expression, and the expression levels of rhodopsin transcripts in the eyes of both sexes of different strains of D. melanogaster, D. simulans and D. mauritiana. We found that while the number of DRA ommatidia was invariant, Rh3 expressing ommatidia were more frequent in the larger eyes of females compared to the males of all species analysed. The frequency and distribution of ommatidium types also differed between strains and species. The D. simulans strain ZOM4 has the highest frequency of Rh3 expressing ommatidia, which is associated with a non-stochastic patch of pale and odd-coupled ommatidia in the dorsal-posterior of their eyes. Our results show that there is striking variation in the frequency and distribution of ommatidium types between sexes, strains and species of Drosophila. This suggests that evolutionary changes in the underlying regulatory mechanisms can alter the distribution of ommatidium types to promote or restrict their expression in specific regions of the eye within and between species, and that this could cause differences in vision among these flies. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0240-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1243039
发表时间：
2014-02-07
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Johnston RJ Jr;Desplan C
通讯作者：
Desplan C
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
FORTINI, ME;RUBIN, GM
通讯作者：
RUBIN, GM
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Gruen, Dominic;Kirchner, Marieluise;Rajewsky, Nikolaus
通讯作者：
Rajewsky, Nikolaus
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Baddeley, A;Turner, R
通讯作者：
Turner, R
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
FRANCESCHINI, N;HARDIE, R;KIRSCHFELD, K
通讯作者：
KIRSCHFELD, K