Adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment.
Adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment.
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在动态环境中，环境变化的复杂性影响了适应性。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1009314
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Sherlock G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boyer S;Hérissant L;Sherlock G
微生物栖息地的环境条件可能以不可预测的方式波动，例如温度、碳源、pH和盐度的变化。环境异质性对微生物提出了挑战，因为它们不仅必须适应特定条件，而且还必须在许多条件下保持稳健，并能够处理条件本身之间的转换。虽然实验进化已经被用来深入了解适应过程，但这在很大程度上是在不变或持续变化的条件下进行的。在不断变化的环境已经调查的情况下，相对较少的是知道这样的环境如何影响动态的适应过程本身，以及遗传和表型的结果。我们设计了一系列系统的进化实验，在这些实验中，我们使用了两种具有不同适应时间尺度的生长条件，并改变了它们之间的转换速率。我们使用谱系跟踪来跟踪适应，并对每个实验中的适应性克隆进行全基因组测序。我们发现，开关率和顺序的条件影响适应。我们还发现不同的适应性结果，在遗传和表型水平上，即使种群在两种不同的条件下花费相同的总时间，但顺序和/或切换率不同。因此，在一个可变的环境中，适应不仅取决于条件的性质和选择下的表型，而且还取决于这些条件组合在一起以产生给定的动态环境的方式的复杂性。生物体进化的环境通常以可预测的方式波动，例如温度和光周期的每日、季节和年度变化，以及难以预测的方式，例如天气变化。大多数实验室进化实验要么在恒定的环境中进化生物，要么在可预测变化的环境中进化生物，例如通过定期在新鲜培养基中连续稀释。为了研究环境中不可预测的变化如何影响生物体的进化，我们设计了一系列实验，其中环境在两种条件之间交替，可以是可预测的，也可以是随机的，具有不同的切换时间尺度。然后，我们在这些不同的条件下进化出了芽殖酵母，酿酒酵母。我们发现条件的转换速率和顺序都会影响适应，并且转换既可以加速适应也可以减慢适应。我们还观察到不同的适应性结果之间的人口，无论是在遗传和表型水平，即使人口花费相同的总时间在两个不同的条件下，但顺序和/或开关率不同。这些数据表明，适应性结果取决于主要环境条件的确切性质。
The environmental conditions of microorganisms’ habitats may fluctuate in unpredictable ways, such as changes in temperature, carbon source, pH, and salinity to name a few. Environmental heterogeneity presents a challenge to microorganisms, as they have to adapt not only to be fit under a specific condition, but they must also be robust across many conditions and be able to deal with the switch between conditions itself. While experimental evolution has been used to gain insight into the adaptive process, this has largely been in either unvarying or consistently varying conditions. In cases where changing environments have been investigated, relatively little is known about how such environments influence the dynamics of the adaptive process itself, as well as the genetic and phenotypic outcomes. We designed a systematic series of evolution experiments where we used two growth conditions that have differing timescales of adaptation and varied the rate of switching between them. We used lineage tracking to follow adaptation, and whole genome sequenced adaptive clones from each of the experiments. We find that both the switch rate and the order of the conditions influences adaptation. We also find different adaptive outcomes, at both the genetic and phenotypic levels, even when populations spent the same amount of total time in the two different conditions, but the order and/or switch rate differed. Thus, in a variable environment adaptation depends not only on the nature of the conditions and phenotypes under selection, but also on the complexity of the manner in which those conditions are combined to result in a given dynamic environment. The environments in which organisms evolve typically fluctuate, in both predictable ways, such as daily, seasonal and annual changes in, for example, temperature and photoperiod, as well as in hard to predict ways, such as changes in the weather. Most laboratory evolution experiments evolve organisms in either constant environments, or environments that change predictably, such as by serial dilution into fresh media periodically. To investigate how unpredictable changes in the environment can affect an organism’s evolution, we designed a series of experiments where the environment alternated between two conditions, either predictably, or randomly, with different timescales of switching. We then evolved the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae under these different conditions. We found that the both the switch rate and the order of the conditions influences adaptation, and that switching can both speed up and slow down adaptation. We also observed different adaptive outcomes between populations, both at the genetic and phenotypic level, even if populations spent the same amount of total time in the two different conditions, but that the order and/or switch rate differed. These data suggest that adaptive outcomes are dependent on the exact nature of the prevailing environmental conditions.
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影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Kvitek DJ;Sherlock G
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1409800111
发表时间：
2014-10-07
影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Cooper, Vaughn S.