Temporal discounting across adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Temporal discounting across adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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DOI：
10.1037/pag0000634
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mata R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seaman KL;Abiodun SJ;Fenn Z;Samanez-Larkin GR;Mata R
人们提出了许多发展理论，对年龄和时间贴现或未来奖励贬值之间的联系做出不同的预测。大多数检验成人年龄差异的时间贴现的实证研究都依赖于经济跨期选择任务，即选择较小、较早的货币奖励与选择较大、较晚的货币奖励。尽管使用这些任务的初步研究表明老年人的折扣低于年轻人，但后续研究提供了异质性的、因此不确定的结果。使用开放科学方法，我们通过对跨期选择任务中的成人年龄差异进行预先注册的系统文献检索和荟萃分析来测试时间贴现中成人年龄差异的可复制性。在 37 项横断面研究（总 N = 104,737）中，一项计划的荟萃分析发现年龄和时间贴现之间没有显着关系（r = -0.068，95% CI [-0.170, 0.035]）。我们还发现几乎没有证据表明存在出版偏见或 p-hacking。对调节者的探索性分析发现，研究设计（例如，极端群体与连续年龄）、激励（假设与实际奖励）、延迟持续时间（例如，天、周、月或年）或折扣行为的量化（例如，立即选择的比例与计算模型的参数）没有影响。对 12 个参与者级别的数据集进行的额外分析发现，几乎没有证据支持年龄与整个成年期的时间贴现之间的非线性关系。总体而言，结果表明，年轻人、中年人和老年人对较小、较早的奖励与较大、较晚的奖励表现出相似的偏好。我们为未来关于成人寿命期间时间贴现的实证工作提供建议。
A number of developmental theories have been proposed that make differential predictions about the links between age and temporal discounting, or the devaluation of future rewards. Most empirical studies examining adult age differences in temporal discounting have relied on economic intertemporal choice tasks, which pit choosing a smaller, sooner monetary reward against choosing a larger, later one. Although initial studies using these tasks suggested older adults discount less than younger adults, follow-up studies provided heterogeneous, and thus inconclusive, results. Using an open science approach, we test the replicability of adult age differences in temporal discounting by conducting a preregistered systematic literature search and meta-analysis of adult age differences in intertemporal choice tasks. Across 37 cross-sectional studies (Total N = 104,737), a planned meta-analysis found no sizeable relation between age and temporal discounting (r = −0.068, 95% CI [−0.170, 0.035]). We also found little evidence of publication bias or p-hacking. Exploratory analyses of moderators found no effect of research design (e.g., extreme-group vs. continuous age), incentives (hypothetical vs. real rewards), duration of delay (e.g., days, weeks, months, or years), or quantification of discounting behavior (e.g., proportion of immediate choices vs. parameters from computational modeling). Additional analyses of 12 participant-level data sets found little support for a nonlinear relation between age and temporal discounting across adulthood. Overall, the results suggest that younger, middle-aged, and older adults show similar preferences for smaller, sooner over larger, later rewards. We provide recommendations for future empirical work on temporal discounting across the adult life span.
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3.7
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