A “Negotiated Revolution”? Trade Unions and Companies in South Africa in the 1980s
A “Negotiated Revolution”? Trade Unions and Companies in South Africa in the 1980s
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“谈判革命”？
DOI：
10.1163/9789004440395_012
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Knud Andresen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knud Andresen
克服南非种族主义和全球非法的种族隔离制度往往与1990年2月释放纳尔逊曼德拉以及随后的四年过渡阶段有关，过渡阶段以1994年4月的第一次自由选举结束。在社会主义国家崩溃的同时发生的这一事件表明，从种族隔离向民主社会的过渡是东西方冷战结束的结果。这并不完全错误，因为南非是冷战的热点：种族隔离政权是西方的战略前哨，尽管西方国家对种族歧视提出了所有批评。最大的解放组织，非洲人国民大会（anc），有一个社会主义的方法，并得到后勤和意识形态支持，从苏联和社会主义国家。由于南非共产党（sacp）在非洲人国民大会的管理机构中有代表，种族隔离政权的反共宣传得到了支持。[1]然而，过渡进程并不是对社会主义国家世界解体的直接反应，而是对南非本身一个更长的变革进程的反应;这个进程始于20世纪80年代初，与南非冲突各方，特别是非国大和白色精英集团的新战略取向有很大关系。南非的政治过渡被认为是一个“谈判革命”，2在本卷的背景下，本章探讨了工业关系对战略调整的影响。南非过渡时期的“革命”一词包含着系统性的矛盾。然而政治制度发生了根本性的变化，因此一些南非共产党干部在1961年武装斗争的开始中发挥了重要作用，一些作者仍然试图回答纳尔逊曼德拉是否是该党成员的问题。参见Stephen Ellis，“The Genesis of the ANC's Armed Struggle in South Africa 1948-1961”，Journal of Southern African Studies 37（2011）：657-676.
Overcoming the racist and globally outlawed apartheid system in South Africa is often linked to the release of Nelson Mandela in February 1990 and the subsequent four-year transition phase that ended with the first free elections in April 1994. The occurrence at the same time as the collapse of the socialist countries suggests that the transition from apartheid to a democratic society was a result of the end of the Cold War between East and West. This is not completely wrong, as South Africa was a hotspot in the Cold War: the apartheid regime was a strategic outpost of the West, despite all the criticism of racial discrimination made by Western states. The largest liberation organization, the African National Congress (anc), had a socialist approach and received logistical and ideological support from the Soviet Union and socialist countries. Because the South African Communist Party (sacp) was represented in the governing bodies of the anc, the apartheid regime’s anti-communist propaganda received support. 1 Nevertheless, the transition process was not a direct reaction to the disintegration of the socialist state world, but instead to a longer process of change in South Africa itself; a process that began in the early 1980s and had a great deal to do with new strategic orientations of the South African parties in conflict, especially the anc and white elite circles. South Africa’s political transition is considered a “negotiated revolution”, 2 and in the context of the current volume, this chapter examines the influence of industrial relations on strategic reorientations. The term “revolution” for the South African transition involves systematic contradiction. Yet the political system changed fundamentally, so some1 sacp cadres played an important role in the beginning of the armed struggle in 1961, and some authors still try to answer the question of whether or not Nelson Mandela was a member of the party. Cf. Stephen Ellis,“The Genesis of the ANC’s armed struggle in South Africa 1948–1961”, Journal of Southern African Studies 37 (2011): 657–676.
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