CRISPR screening reveals a dependency on ribosome recycling for efficient SARS-CoV-2 programmed ribosomal frameshifting and viral replication.

CRISPR screening reveals a dependency on ribosome recycling for efficient SARS-CoV-2 programmed ribosomal frameshifting and viral replication.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112076
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发表时间:
2023-02-28
期刊:
影响因子:
8.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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新冠肺炎流行的致病病毒SARS-CoV-2基因组在翻译过程中,宿主核糖体经历了一个保守的结构元件的程序性核糖体移码(PRF)。虽然PRF对冠状病毒复制是必不可少的,但调节这一过程的宿主因素尚未确定。在这里,我们进行全基因组CRISPR-Cas9基因敲除筛选,以确定SARS-CoV-2 PRF的调节因子。这些筛选显示,核糖体循环因子的丢失显著降低了移码效率,并削弱了SARS-CoV-2病毒的复制。突变研究支持一种模型,在该模型中,尾随核糖体的移码需要有效地移除ORF1a终止密码子上的核糖体亚基。这种对核糖体循环的依赖在其他非致病性人类β冠状病毒中没有观察到,可能是由于ORF1a终止密码子在SARS冠状病毒分支中的独特位置所致。因此,这些发现揭示了支持SARS-CoV-2高效翻译和复制的宿主因素。程序性核糖体移码是SARS-CoV-2复制所必需的。通过全基因组CRISPR筛查,Rehfeld等人。发现在有效的移帧和病毒复制中需要核糖体循环因子。由于ORF1a终止密码子在SARS-CoV-2中的独特位置,必须有效地去除终止后的核糖体,使拖尾核糖体能够移码。
During translation of the genomic RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus in the COVID-19 pandemic, host ribosomes undergo programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) at a conserved structural element. Although PRF is essential for coronavirus replication, host factors that regulate this process have not yet been identified. Here we perform genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens to identify regulators of SARS-CoV-2 PRF. These screens reveal that loss of ribosome recycling factors markedly decreases frameshifting efficiency and impairs SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Mutational studies support a model wherein efficient removal of ribosomal subunits at the ORF1a stop codon is required for frameshifting of trailing ribosomes. This dependency upon ribosome recycling is not observed with other non-pathogenic human betacoronaviruses and is likely due to the unique position of the ORF1a stop codon in the SARS clade of coronaviruses. These findings therefore uncover host factors that support efficient SARS-CoV-2 translation and replication. Programmed ribosomal frameshifting is essential for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Through genome-wide CRISPR screening, Rehfeld et al. find a requirement for ribosome recycling factors in efficient frameshifting and viral replication. The unique position of the ORF1a stop codon in SARS-CoV-2 necessitates the efficient removal of post-termination ribosomes to enable frameshifting of trailing ribosomes.
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