Characterization of the dust/smoke aerosol that settled east of the World Trade Center (WTC) in lower Manhattan after the collapse of the WTC 11 September 2001.
Characterization of the dust/smoke aerosol that settled east of the World Trade Center (WTC) in lower Manhattan after the collapse of the WTC 11 September 2001.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.02110703
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发表时间：
2002-07
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Chen LC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lioy PJ;Weisel CP;Millette JR;Eisenreich S;Vallero D;Offenberg J;Buckley B;Turpin B;Zhong M;Cohen MD;Prophete C;Yang I;Stiles R;Chee G;Johnson W;Porcja R;Alimokhtari S;Hale RC;Weschler C;Chen LC
世界贸易中心（WTC）的爆炸和倒塌是一个灾难性的事件，在2001年9月11日之后的头几天里产生了影响许多工人，居民和通勤者的气溶胶羽流。2001年9月16日和17日，在世贸中心以东受天气保护的地点收集了三个总沉降灰尘和烟雾的大样本;这些样本代表了爆炸和火灾以及两个建筑物同时倒塌后立即沉降的生成材料。我们分析了每个样品，不区分颗粒大小，无机和有机成分。在无机分析中，我们确定了金属，放射性核素，离子物种，石棉和无机物种。在有机分析中，我们确定了多环芳烃（PAH）、多氯联苯、多氯二苯并二恶英、多氯二苯并呋喃、农药、邻苯二甲酸酯、溴化二苯醚和其他碳氢化合物。每个样品都有一个基本的pH值。砷含量范围为质量的0.8%至3.0%，多环芳烃含量>质量的0.1%，铅含量范围为101至625微克/克。材料的含量和分布表明，在所产生的羽流中有建筑物碎片和燃烧产物的复杂混合物。这三个样品主要由建筑材料、烟灰、油漆（含铅和无铅）和玻璃纤维（矿棉和玻璃纤维）组成。碳氢化合物的水平表明未燃烧或部分燃烧的喷气燃料，塑料，纤维素和其他被大火点燃的材料。在形态学分析中，我们发现大部分肿块是纤维性的，由多种类型的纤维组成（例如，矿棉、玻璃纤维、石棉、木材、纸和棉花）。通过重量法和空气动力学方法将颗粒分离成大小分类。材料直径为< 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter was 0.88-1.98% of the total mass. The largest mass concentrations were >53微米。从这些样本中获得的结果可用于了解9月11日至12日直接受到羽流影响的幸存居民、通勤者和救援人员接触这种前所未有的复杂混合物的情况和接触类型，并评估可再悬浮的灰尘和烟雾对居民、通勤者和当地工人的任何急性或长期健康影响，以及9月11日之后释放的材料，直到大火被扑灭。此外，这些结果支持需要对住宅，建筑物及其各自的HVAC系统进行专业清洁，以减少重新居住前的长期居住风险。
The explosion and collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) was a catastrophic event that produced an aerosol plume impacting many workers, residents, and commuters during the first few days after 11 September 2001. Three bulk samples of the total settled dust and smoke were collected at weather-protected locations east of the WTC on 16 and 17 September 2001; these samples are representative of the generated material that settled immediately after the explosion and fire and the concurrent collapse of the two structures. We analyzed each sample, not differentiated by particle size, for inorganic and organic composition. In the inorganic analyses, we identified metals, radionuclides, ionic species, asbestos, and inorganic species. In the organic analyses, we identified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, pesticides, phthalate esters, brominated diphenyl ethers, and other hydrocarbons. Each sample had a basic pH. Asbestos levels ranged from 0.8% to 3.0% of the mass, the PAHs were > 0.1% of the mass, and lead ranged from 101 to 625 microg/g. The content and distribution of material was indicative of a complex mixture of building debris and combustion products in the resulting plume. These three samples were composed primarily of construction materials, soot, paint (leaded and unleaded), and glass fibers (mineral wool and fiberglass). Levels of hydrocarbons indicated unburned or partially burned jet fuel, plastic, cellulose, and other materials that were ignited by the fire. In morphologic analyses we found that a majority of the mass was fibrous and composed of many types of fibers (e.g., mineral wool, fiberglass, asbestos, wood, paper, and cotton). The particles were separated into size classifications by gravimetric and aerodynamic methods. Material < 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter was 0.88-1.98% of the total mass. The largest mass concentrations were > 53 microm in diameter. The results obtained from these samples can be used to understand the contact and types of exposures to this unprecedented complex mixture experienced by the surviving residents, commuters, and rescue workers directly affected by the plume from 11 to 12 September and the evaluations of any acute or long-term health effects from resuspendable dust and smoke to the residents, commuters, and local workers, as well as from the materials released after 11 September until the fires were extinguished. Further, these results support the need to have the interior of residences, buildings, and their respective HVAC systems professionally cleaned to reduce long-term residential risks before rehabitation.
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Blando, JD;Porcja, RJ;Turpin, BJ
通讯作者：
Turpin, BJ
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
LIOY, PJ
通讯作者：
LIOY, PJ
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
KITSA, V;LIOY, PJ;SANDERS, P
通讯作者：
SANDERS, P
影响因子：
5
作者：
Molhave, L;Schneider, T;Jorgensen, O
通讯作者：
Jorgensen, O
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
GYNTELBERG, F;SUADICANI, P;NORN, S
通讯作者：
NORN, S