Central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11908-013-0378-5
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发表时间:
2013-12
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Meintjes, Graeme
Meintjes, Graeme
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bahr, Nathan;Boulware, David R.;Marais, Suzaan;Scriven, James;Wilkinson, Robert J.;Meintjes, Graeme

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中枢神经系统免疫重建炎性综合征(CNS-IRIS)在开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染和CNS机会性感染的人中发生9%-47%,并且与13%-75%的死亡率相关。这些比率根据致病病原体而变化。常见的CNS-IRIS事件与隐球菌、结核病(TB)和JC病毒有关,但其他几种分枝杆菌、真菌和病毒也与IRIS有关。IRIS症状通常与原始感染相似,诊断需要考虑治疗失败,微生物耐药性和其他神经系统感染。这些诊断上的挑战往往会延误IRIS的诊断和治疗。皮质类固醇已被用于治疗CNS-IRIS,具有可变的反应; TB-IRIS的治疗存在最好的支持性证据。致病机制各不相同:隐球菌IRIS的特点是抗逆转录病毒治疗前缺乏脑脊液炎症,而基线时较高水平的炎症标志物易患结核性脑膜炎IRIS。本文综述了近两年来对CNS-IRIS的研究进展。
Central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (CNS-IRIS) develops in 9 %–47 % of persons with HIV infection and a CNS opportunistic infection who start antiretroviral therapy and is associated with a mortality rate of 13 %–75 %. These rates vary according to the causative pathogen. Common CNS-IRIS events occur in relation to Cryptococcus, tuberculosis (TB), and JC virus, but several other mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses have been associated with IRIS. IRIS symptoms often mimic the original infection, and diagnosis necessitates consideration of treatment failure, microbial resistance, and an additional neurological infection. These diagnostic challenges often delay IRIS diagnosis and treatment. Corticosteroids have been used to treat CNS-IRIS, with variable responses; the best supportive evidence exists for the treatment of TB-IRIS. Pathogenic mechanisms vary: Cryptococcal IRIS is characterized by a paucity of cerebrospinal inflammation prior to antiretroviral therapy, whereas higher levels of inflammatory markers at baseline predispose to TB meningitis IRIS. This review focuses on advances in the understanding of CNS-IRIS over the past 2 years.
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