Efficient coding of numbers explains decision bias and noise

Efficient coding of numbers explains decision bias and noise
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有效的数字编码解释了决策偏差和噪声

DOI:
10.1038/s41562-022-01352-4
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
29.9
通讯作者:
Woodford, Michael
Woodford, Michael
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Prat-Carrabin, Arthur;Woodford, Michael

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人类在平均任务中对不同刺激的权重不同,这被解释为反映了编码偏见。我们研究的替代假设,刺激编码的噪声,然后最佳解码。在有效编码的模型下,噪声的量应该在刺激之间变化并且取决于刺激的统计。我们通过一项任务来研究这些预测,在这项任务中,参与者被要求比较两个系列数字的平均值,每个数字都是从一个先验分布中采样的,该分布在不同的试验块中有所不同。参与者编码的数字与偏见和噪音都取决于数字。不经常出现的数字被编码为更多的噪音。我们展示了一个有效的编码,贝叶斯解码模型占这些模式,并最好地捕捉参与者的行为。最后,我们的研究结果表明,魏和斯托克的“法律的人类感知”,这涉及到偏见和变化的感官估计,也适用于数字认知。
Humans differentially weight different stimuli in averaging tasks, which has been interpreted as reflecting encoding bias. We examine the alternative hypothesis that stimuli are encoded with noise and then optimally decoded. Under a model of efficient coding, the amount of noise should vary across stimuli and depend on statistics of the stimuli. We investigate these predictions through a task in which the participants are asked to compare the averages of two series of numbers, each sampled from a prior distribution that varies across blocks of trials. The participants encode numbers with a bias and a noise that both depend on the number. Infrequently occurring numbers are encoded with more noise. We show how an efficient-coding, Bayesian-decoding model accounts for these patterns and best captures the participants’ behaviour. Finally, our results suggest that Wei and Stocker’s “law of human perception”, which relates the bias and variability of sensory estimates, also applies to number cognition.
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