The dynamics of the dome at Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala

The dynamics of the dome at Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala
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危地马拉圣蒂亚吉托火山穹顶的动态

DOI:
10.1093/gji/ggu069
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Scharff
Scharff
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
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作者:
Scharff

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他们对危地马拉Santiaguito火山的气体喷射动力学进行了态势测量,发现爆炸性脱气事件是由单个爆炸(或脉冲)组成的,它代表了从一个或多个喷口突然喷出的快速粒子。我们结合二维互相关和频率分析来探索这些脉冲的规律性。在一个事件中,脉冲有规律地每3秒发生一次。在这里,我们提出一个简单的概念模型来解释爆炸事件的脉冲性质。在我们的模型中,岩浆通过管道上升受到剪切破碎的影响,这意味着当管道壁上的剪切速率超过岩浆屈服强度时,整个岩浆柱立即上升,即达到脆性破坏准则。岩浆柱的突然位移要么导致岩浆柱本身的纵向振荡(假设岩浆是可压缩的,岩浆泉模型),要么在浅深度压缩一层富含气泡的岩浆(气垫模型)。这一层内部的压力不断增加,直到盖层隆起,气体得以逸出。隆起受沿壁摩擦的影响。由于它的重量,顶盖下沉,从而压缩剩余的气体,引起圆顶表面的振荡。在气垫模型中(在~ 80 m深度使用0.65 m的气层),这些气体驱动的振荡发生的频率与我们现场测量观察到的频率大致相同。使用岩浆泉模型,频率高度依赖于岩浆的体积模量(107-109Pa)和位移岩浆柱的长度(这里是50-400 m)。
Thein situmeasurement of gas-jet dynamics at Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala, revealed that explosive degassing events are composed of single explosions (or pulses) that represent the sudden ejection of fast particles from one or more vents. We use a combined 2-D cross-correlation and frequency analysis to explore the regularity of such pulses. During an event pulses occur regularly every 3 s. Here, we present a simple conceptual model to explain the pulsed nature of explosive events. In our model, magma rise through the conduit is subject to shear-fragmentation, which means that the whole magma column rises at once when the shear rate near the conduit walls exceeds the magmas yield strength, that is, the brittle failure criterion is reached. The sudden displacement of the magma column either leads to longitudinal oscillations of the column itself (given that the magma is compressible, magma spring model), or compresses a layer of bubble rich magma at shallow depth (gas cushion model). Pressure builds up inside this layer until the cap-rock is uplifted and gas can escape. The uplift is subject to friction along the walls. Because of its weight, the cap sinks back, thereby compressing the remaining gas giving rise to an oscillation of the dome surface. In the gas cushion model—using a gas layer of 0.65 m at ∼80 m depth—those gas driven oscillations occur at about the same frequency as observed with our in-situ measurement. Using the magma spring model, the frequency highly depends on the bulk modulus of the magma (107–109Pa) and the length of the displaced magma column (here 50–400 m).
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