How Parkinsonian toxins dysregulate the autophagy machinery.

How Parkinsonian toxins dysregulate the autophagy machinery.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms141122163
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发表时间:
2013-11-08
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Janda E
Janda E
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dagda RK;Das Banerjee T;Janda E

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自发现以来,帕金森毒素(6-羟基多巴胺、MPP+、百草枯和鱼藤酮)已被广泛用作帕金森病(PD)的体内和体外化学模型。线粒体内稳态、蛋白质质量控制途径以及最近的自噬/线粒体自噬的改变与PD的神经毒素模型有关。在这里,我们强调了不同的PD毒素失调自噬/线粒体自噬的分子机制,以及这些途径的改变如何在多巴胺神经元中发挥有益或有害的作用。PD毒素对线粒体功能和自噬/线粒体自噬的会聚和发散作用也在本文中进行了讨论。此外,我们还提出了新的诊断工具,并讨论了如何开发自噬/线粒体自噬的药理学调节剂作为PD的疾病修饰治疗。最后,我们讨论了迫切需要确定内源性和合成形式的PD毒素,并制定有效的健康预防计划,以减轻发展PD的风险。
Since their discovery, Parkinsonian toxins (6-hydroxydopamine, MPP+, paraquat, and rotenone) have been widely employed as in vivo and in vitro chemical models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Alterations in mitochondrial homeostasis, protein quality control pathways, and more recently, autophagy/mitophagy have been implicated in neurotoxin models of PD. Here, we highlight the molecular mechanisms by which different PD toxins dysregulate autophagy/mitophagy and how alterations of these pathways play beneficial or detrimental roles in dopamine neurons. The convergent and divergent effects of PD toxins on mitochondrial function and autophagy/mitophagy are also discussed in this review. Furthermore, we propose new diagnostic tools and discuss how pharmacological modulators of autophagy/mitophagy can be developed as disease-modifying treatments for PD. Finally, we discuss the critical need to identify endogenous and synthetic forms of PD toxins and develop efficient health preventive programs to mitigate the risk of developing PD.
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